Simultaneous analysis of d-alanine, d-aspartic acid, and d-serine using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to the rat plasma and tissues

Karakawa, Sachise; Shimbo, Kazutaka; Yamada, Naoyuki; Mizukoshi, Toshimi; Miyano, Hiroshi; Mita, Masashi; Lindner, Wolfgang; Hamase, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.024

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As already demonstrated, the LOD for acidic amino acid by MS analysis was 100 times lower than that by HPLC-UV method and it was much lower for other amino acids [26]. The LOD values recorded by our MRM method resulted to be in perfect agreement, and even lower in some cases, with LODs measured in other LC-MS/MS analyses of d -amino acids in biological samples [38–41]. Comparable LOD of a few ppb was achieved also by coupling of fluorescence-based detection to chiral columns e .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Quantitative determination of free D-Asp, L-Asp and N-methyl-D-aspartate in mouse brain tissues by chiral separation and Multiple Reaction Monitoring tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2017

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Several studies have suggested that free d-Asp has a crucial role in N-methyl d-Asp receptor-mediated neurotransmission playing very important functions in physiological and pathological processes. This paper describes the development of an analytical procedure for the direct and simultaneous determination of free d-Asp, l-Asp and N-methyl d-Asp in specimens of different mouse brain tissues using chiral LC-MS/MS in Multiple Reaction Monitoring scan mode. After comparing three procedures and different buffers and extraction solvents, a simple preparation procedure was selected the analytes of extraction. The method was validated by analyzing l-Asp, d-Asp and N-methyl d-Asp recovery at different spiked concentrations (50, 100 and 200 pg/μl) yielding satisfactory recoveries (75–110%), and good repeatability. Limits of detection (LOD) resulted to be 0.52 pg/μl for d-Asp, 0.46 pg/μl for l-Asp and 0.54 pg/μl for NMDA, respectively. Limits of quantification (LOQ) were 1.57 pg/μl for d-Asp, 1.41 pg/μl for l-Asp and 1.64 pg/μl for NMDA, respectively. Different concentration levels were used for constructing the calibration curves which showed good linearity. The validated method was then successfully applied to the simultaneous detection of d-Asp, l-Asp and NMDA in mouse brain tissues. The concurrent, sensitive, fast, and reproducible measurement of these metabolites in brain tissues will be useful to correlate the amount of free d-Asp with relevant neurological processes, making the LC-MS/MS MRM method well suited, not only for research work but also for clinical analyses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Quantitative determination of free D-Asp, L-Asp and N-methyl-D-aspartate in mouse brain tissues by chiral separation and Multiple Reaction Monitoring tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2017

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“…Such a measurement needs careful experimental design, appropriate analytical techniques and proper execution in order to be confident in differentiating D-serine from other amino acids and from its L-enantiomer in biological samples. Analytical methods have matured, and we now have an array of techniques ranging from biosensors, [25][26][27] high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) [28][29][30] and LC/ LC 31 to LC/mass spectrometry 32,33 or capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) [34][35][36] with well described protocols to detect and measure D-AAs (including D-serine) even at very low levels in complex matrices like biological samples. Despite the availability of multiple approaches to confirm D-serine, analysis of recent publications suggests that this D-AA was not always quantified with the controls that are outlined in Box 1 and Figure 1.…”

Section: Detecting D -Serine Properly With Analytical Methods: That Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, current RgDAAO-based biosensors also detect most neutral D-AAs, including D-alanine, and might non-specifically oxidize other unexpected biological substances. Although D-alanine levels in the brain and in particular the hippocampus are much lower than those of D-serine, 29,31,32 the maximal activity and the catalytic efficiency of RgDAAO for D-alanine is 1.7-and 30 times higher than those for D-serine, 54 so it is conceivable that DAAO-based biosensors could also detect trace amounts of D-alanine which is also known to act as a co-agonist for NMDARs. Finally, it is also important to note that the commercial RgDAAO based biosensors are also sensitive to dopamine or to a series of structurally related agonists/antagonists of D1-and D2-like receptors (G. Dallerac & J.-P. Mothet, personal communication).…”

Section: Detecting D -Serine Properly With Analytical Methods: That Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating brain d‐serine: Advocacy for good practices

et al. 2019

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The last two decades have witnessed remarkable advance in our understanding the role of D-amino acids in the mammalian nervous system: from the unknown, to known molecules with unknown functions, to potential central players in health and disease. D-Amino acids have emerged as an important class of signaling molecules. In particular, the exploration of the roles of D-serine in brain physiopathology is a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace. However, disentangling the functions of a chiral molecule in a complex chemical matrice as the brain requires specific measurement and detection methods but is also a challenging task as many molecular tools and models investigators are using can lead to confounded observations. Thus, study of D-amino acids demands accurate methodologies and specific controls, and these have often been lacking. Here we outline best practices for D-amino acid research, with a special emphasis on D-serine. We hope these concepts help move the field to greater rigor and reproducibility, allowing the field to advance. K E Y W O R D Sanalytical methods, D-Serine, glia, immunostainings, neurons, NMDA receptors, rescue experiments, serine racemase inhibitors

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“…D-Serine has also been found in endocrine organs, such as the adrenal and pituitary glands, pancreas, and testis, of rats [65, 66]. However, levels of D-serine in the endocrine system are much lower than those in the CNS, and the physiological role of D-serine in the endocrine systems remains unclear.…”

Section: D-serinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…D-Aspartate is found in the CNS of rodents and humans [16, 19, 67–72] as well as in endocrine organs, including the pineal gland [69, 72, 73], pituitary gland [68, 69, 71, 72, 74], pancreas [66], adrenal gland [19, 67, 72, 74, 75], and testis, of rats [74, 76]. D-Aspartate activates NMDA receptors via binding to the agonist site of GluN2 subunits (2A–D) [77–79] and can also activate metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) [80].…”

Section: D-aspartatementioning

confidence: 99%

D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Kiriyama

Nochi

2016

Scientifica

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Amino acids are important components for peptides and proteins and act as signal transmitters. Only L-amino acids have been considered necessary in mammals, including humans. However, diverse D-amino acids, such as D-serine, D-aspartate, D-alanine, and D-cysteine, are found in mammals. Physiological roles of these D-amino acids not only in the nervous system but also in the endocrine system are being gradually revealed. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are associated with learning and memory. D-Serine, D-aspartate, and D-alanine can all bind to NMDA receptors. H2S generated from D-cysteine reduces disulfide bonds in receptors and potentiates their activity. Aberrant receptor activity is related to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia. Furthermore, D-amino acids are detected in parts of the endocrine system, such as the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, and testis. D-Aspartate is being investigated for the regulation of hormone release from various endocrine organs. Here we focused on recent findings regarding the synthesis and physiological functions of D-amino acids in the nervous and endocrine systems.

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Simultaneous analysis of d-alanine, d-aspartic acid, and d-serine using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to the rat plasma and tissues

Cited by 63 publications

References 39 publications

Quantitative determination of free D-Asp, L-Asp and N-methyl-D-aspartate in mouse brain tissues by chiral separation and Multiple Reaction Monitoring tandem mass spectrometry

Quantitative determination of free D-Asp, L-Asp and N-methyl-D-aspartate in mouse brain tissues by chiral separation and Multiple Reaction Monitoring tandem mass spectrometry

Investigating brain d‐serine: Advocacy for good practices

D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems

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