Simultaneous analysis of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins through RP-HPLC/DAD in food supplements and brewer’s yeast

Research progress on the detection of water-soluble vitamins in food using liquid chromatography

“…Possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, involved in red blood cell formation, synthesis and maintenance of myelin sheath, as well as synthesis of nucleic acids and neurotransmitters Deficiency manifests as nonspecific symptoms, disrupts homocysteine balance [9,11,13] Vitamin C (VC) Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and immune-regulating properties, prevents common colds and cancer Deficiency can lead to kidney disorders and even scurvy; Excessive supplementation disrupts physiological redox balance and cellular homeostasis [4,9] Functional foods refer to foods with specific nutritional and health functions or intended to supplement vitamins and minerals, including health foods [14], infant formula [15][16][17], functional beverages [18], vitamin supplements [1][2][3]5], nutrient fortifiers [16,[19][20][21], etc. These foods can improve the physiological functions of different populations and have been proven to reduce the risk of chronic diseases [22].…”

“…The intra-and inter-group variations at two different concentration levels showed relatively low relative standard deviations (0.90%-1.02%), demonstrating the high reproducibility and accuracy of the system. Based on the close polarity of the analyzed vitamins, namely WSVs, defined in literature [3], the necessity of using buffered mobile phases was established. Experimentation with methanol and acetonitrile as organic modifiers found that their mixture exhibited the best selectivity.…”

“…Careful selection of the mobile phase is necessary as improper use of mobile phase reagents may lead to co-elution, baseline and time drift, complex backgrounds, etc. [3], and thus, it cannot be generalized. Due to the strong polarity and ionization capacity of WSVs such as VB1, VB2, VB6, VC, their retention capacity on C18 columns is often poor and may require the addition of ion-pairing reagents [14,28] to prolong the retention time of analytes, increase separation, and improve chromatographic peaks.…”

“…However, the types and quantities of samples studied are relatively limited. Alexandrina Mateeva et al [3] used RP-HPLC with DAD to test various reverse-phase columns and found that the Purospher STAR C18 (Merck Millipore) 5 µm, 25 × 0.46 cm column was most suitable for retaining and separating water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamin mixtures. The LOD ranged from 0.03 to 9.23 µg/mL, LOQ ranged from 0.08 to 27.30 µg/mL, with average recovery rates between 97.6% and 101.0%, indicating good sensitivity and accuracy.…”

“…Water-soluble vitamins (WSVs) include B-complex vitamins and Vitamin C (VC) [2]. Among them, B-complex vitamins exert influence on substance metabolism in the body by forming coenzymes [3], while VC serves as a coenzyme for hydrolytic enzymes involved in collagen and catecholamine synthesis as well as gene expression regulation [4]. Abnormal levels of these vitamins can lead to physiological and psychological health issues such as skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine disorders, mental illnesses, and cancers (see Table 1 for classification and functions of WSVs).…”