Simultaneous analytical method for urinary metabolites of organophosphorus compounds and moth repellents in general population

Yoshida, Toshiaki; Yoshida, Jin

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.018

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…These samples were stored at -20°C until analyses. One paper has reported that 1- and 2-naphthol in urine was stable for at least 1 month at -20°C [34]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary and breast milk biomarkers to assess exposure to naphthalene in pregnant women: an investigation of personal and indoor air sources

et al. 2014

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BackgroundNaphthalene exposures for most non-occupationally exposed individuals occur primarily indoors at home. Residential indoor sources include pest control products (specifically moth balls), incomplete combustion such as cigarette smoke, woodstoves and cooking, some consumer and building products, and emissions from gasoline sources found in attached garages. The study aim was to assess naphthalene exposure in pregnant women from Canada, using air measurements and biomarkers of exposure.MethodsPregnant women residing in Ottawa, Ontario completed personal and indoor air sampling, and questionnaires. During pregnancy, pooled urine voids were collected over two 24-hour periods on a weekday and a weekend day. At 2–3 months post-birth, they provided a spot urine sample and a breast milk sample following the 24-hour air monitoring. Urines were analyzed for 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol and breast milk for naphthalene. Simple linear regression models examined associations between known naphthalene sources, air and biomarker samples.ResultsStudy recruitment rate was 11.2% resulting in 80 eligible women being included. Weekday and weekend samples were highly correlated for both personal (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) and indoor air naphthalene (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). Urine specific gravity (SG)-adjusted 2-naphthol concentrations collected on weekdays and weekends (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), and between pregnancy and postpartum samples (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) were correlated.Indoor and personal air naphthalene concentrations were significantly higher post-birth than during pregnancy (p < 0.0001 for signed rank tests); concurrent urine samples were not significantly different. Naphthalene in breast milk was associated with urinary 1-naphthol: a 10% increase in 1-naphthol was associated with a 1.6% increase in breast milk naphthalene (95% CI: 0.2%-3.1%). No significant associations were observed between naphthalene sources reported in self-administered questionnaires and the air or biomarker concentrations.ConclusionsMedian urinary concentrations of naphthalene metabolites tended to be similar to (1-naphthol) or lower (2-naphthol) than those reported in a Canadian survey of women of reproductive age. Only urinary 1-naphthol and naphthalene in breast milk were associated. Potential reasons for the lack of other associations include a lack of sources, varying biotransformation rates and behavioural differences over time.

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“…These samples were stored at -20°C until analyses. One paper has reported that 1- and 2-naphthol in urine was stable for at least 1 month at -20°C [34]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary and breast milk biomarkers to assess exposure to naphthalene in pregnant women: an investigation of personal and indoor air sources

et al. 2014

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“…Urine analysis is the best way of measuring human exposure to these pesticides . The concentrations of metabolites of these OPPs in urine indicate the exposure levels of the individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method used for the extraction of OPP metabolites from urine is crucial because of the complex nature of the urine matrix. Various analytical techniques, including gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), have been reported for the detection of OPP metabolites in various sample matrices. Although all these instrumental techniques are sensitive enough to analyze the metabolites of OPPs, the very low concentration levels of the OPP metabolites together with anticipated strong matrix effects in the biological samples make it crucial to include an appropriate sample preparation method in the analytical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urine analysis is the best way of measuring human exposure to these pesticides. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The concentrations of metabolites of these OPPs in urine indicate the exposure levels of the individuals. The method used for the extraction of OPP metabolites from urine is crucial because of the complex nature of the urine matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for biomonitoring of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in human urine samples using a vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction technique coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Pasupuleti

Tsai

Lin

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are the most commonly used insecticides around the world in various agricultural and domestic practices, and humans are frequently exposed to these hazardous insecticides that can lead to several chronic health effects. Therefore, a fast and sensitive analytical method is required for biomonitoring the markers of OPPs in humans for exposure estimation. In this study, a fast and sensitive analytical procedure was developed for the determination of the metabolites of OPPs in human urine samples. Methods Metabolites of OPPs were extracted from 2 mL of urine sample using a novel vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction (VA‐SI‐LLME) technique, and the preconcentrated metabolites were analyzed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Various factors affecting the efficiency of VA‐SI‐LLME were thoroughly investigated. Results The metabolites of OPPs exhibited very good linearity over the concentration range between 0.05 and 50 ng mL−1 with coefficient (r2) values ranging between 0.9986 and 0.9999. The method showed excellent sensitivity with detection limits ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 ng mL−1 and quantification limits from 0.03 to 0.05 ng mL−1. The developed method was applied to the analysis of real samples and the recoveries ranged between 85.0 and 114.1% with related standard deviations <5%. Conclusions The results showed the VA‐SI‐LLME/UHPLC/MS/MS method to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective analytical procedure for the biomonitoring of the metabolites of OPPs in humans. This efficient and cost‐effective analytical method could be a potential alternative method for the biomonitoring of the metabolites of pesticides in humans.

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Simple and reliable method to simultaneously determine urinary 1- and 2-naphthol using in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for biological monitoring of naphthalene exposure in occupational health practice

Takeuchi

Nakamura

Namera

et al. 2020

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple and reliable gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) method to simultaneously determine urinary 1‐naphthol (1‐NAP) and 2‐naphthol (2‐NAP) for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to naphthalene. Methods NAPs were derivatized in situ with acetic anhydride after enzymatic hydrolysis, extracted with n ‐hexane, and analyzed using GC‐MS. Validation of the proposed method was conducted in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration guidance. A final validation was performed by analyzing a ClinChek ® ‐Control for phenolic compounds. Results The linearity of calibration curves was indicated by a high correlation coefficient (>0.999) in the concentration range 1‐100 μg/L for each NAP. The limits of detection and quantification for each NAP were 0.30 and 1.00 μg/L, respectively. The recovery was 90.8%‐98.1%. The intraday and interday accuracies, expressed as the deviation from the nominal value, were 92.2%‐99.9% and 93.4%‐99.9%, respectively. The intraday and interday precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation, was 0.3%‐3.9% and 0.4%‐4.1%, respectively. The ClinChek ® values obtained using our method were sufficiently accurate. Conclusions The proposed method is simple, reliable, and appropriate for routine analyses, and is useful for biological monitoring of naphthalene exposure in occupational health practice.

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Simultaneous analytical method for urinary metabolites of organophosphorus compounds and moth repellents in general population

Cited by 23 publications

References 49 publications

Urinary and breast milk biomarkers to assess exposure to naphthalene in pregnant women: an investigation of personal and indoor air sources

Urinary and breast milk biomarkers to assess exposure to naphthalene in pregnant women: an investigation of personal and indoor air sources

Rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for biomonitoring of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in human urine samples using a vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction technique coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Simple and reliable method to simultaneously determine urinary 1- and 2-naphthol using in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for biological monitoring of naphthalene exposure in occupational health practice

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