Simultaneous assessments of occurrence, ecological, human health, and organoleptic hazards for 77 VOCs in typical drinking water sources from 5 major river basins, China

Abstract

Ecological risk assessment Human health risk assessment Taste and odor a b s t r a c tOwing to the growing public awareness on the safety and aesthetics in water sources, more attention has been given to the adverse effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on aquatic organisms and human beings. In this study, 77 target VOCs (including 54 common VOCs, 13 carbonyl compounds, and 10 taste and odor compounds) were detected in typical drinking water sources from 5 major river basins (the Yangtze, the Huaihe, the Yellow, the Haihe and the Liaohe River basins) and their occurrences were characterized. The ecological, human health, and olfactory assessments were performed to assess the major hazards in source water. The investigation showed that there existed potential ecological risks (1.30 Â 10 RQ total s 8.99 Â 10) but little human health risks (6.84 Â 10 À7 RQ total s 4.24 Â 10 À4 ) by VOCs, while that odor problems occurred extensively. The priority contaminants in drinking water sources of China were also listed based on the present assessment criteria.

Occurrence and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in the surface water of Poyang Lake in March 2017

“…The distributions of VOCs in lakes/rivers in the literature are shown in Table 2. 19,29,[33][34][35][36][37][38] Fiy kinds of VOCs were detected by Chen in 5 rivers; 19 kinds of VOCs were detected by Han in 3 provinces; 15 kinds of VOCs were detected by Nikolaou in 10 rivers and 7 lakes in Greece; and 22 kinds of VOCs were detected by Cao in Dongting Lake. The number of VOCs detected in Poyang Lake was 22, which is obviously high.…”

A hand-portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer

“…[1][2][3][4] VOCs are routinely emitted into atmospheric environment from a variety of sources, including combustion processes, industrial processes, traffic exhaust, the emissions from vegetation and animals, and chemicals etc. From the point of view of environmental health and safety, the monitoring and controlling of VOC emissions has become a major current concern with rapid modernization.…”

Subtleties of human exposure and response to chemical mixtures from spills

“…OVA can be a useful tool to indicate intensity of odor contribution by an individual chemical to the overall odor/flavor. While mostly used the fragrant and food industries (Grosch, 1994), and currently underused for environmental contamination (Parker et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2015), it is the only tool available for odor comparisons starting at the same baseline. The OAV values in Table 2 show that the odorous fraction of the trans-MMCHC (OAV = 1546) isomer to trans-4-MCHM (OAV = 6934) is over 18%, signaling that trans-MMCHC most likely had a substantial contribution to the odor.…”

“…Impacts of odorants in mixtures can be assessed through the odor activity value (OAV), which determines the contribution of an individual chemical to the overall odor of a food, beverage, fragrance (Grosch, 1994), or environmental contaminant (Parker et al, 2012;. OAV is also known as the Odor Hazard Index (OHI) (Chen et al, 2015). Both OAV and OHI are the ratio of the concentration of an individual chemical to its odor threshold concentration (OTC) (i.e., the concentration at which 50% of a population detects an odor).…”