Simultaneous comparison of cerebral dialysis and push–pull perfusion in the brain of rats: a critical review

Myers, R.D.; Adell, Albert; Lankford, M.F.

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(97)00025-0

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…These experimental techniques provided the same conclusions but, remarkably, the BP ND s measured in the caudate putamen with the b-microprobes were smaller than the BP ND s measured with small-animal PET. Such a large discrepancy between b-microprobe BP ND s and smallanimal PET BP ND s has been described in the literature and can be attributed to changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, blood flow, or local metabolism caused by probe implantation (23,32). We anticipate, however, that this is caused by the low sensitivity of the b-microprobe, which results in count rates barely above the background level because we kept the injected mass dose at around 3 nmol/kg (33) to ensure the same tracer concentrations as in the PET experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

N-Acetylcysteine– and MK-801–Induced Changes in Glutamate Levels Do Not Affect In Vivo Binding of Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Radioligand ¹¹C-ABP688 in Rat Brain

et al. 2013

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Abnormal glutamate transmission is involved in various neurologic disorders, such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Parkinson disease. At present, no imaging techniques are capable of measuring acute fluctuations in endogenous glutamate levels in vivo. We evaluated the potential of 11 C-ABP688, a PET ligand that binds to an allosteric site of the metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor, in rats by using small-animal PET and b-microprobes after pharmacologic challenges with N-acetylcysteine (NAc) and MK-801. Both compounds are known to induce increases in endogenous glutamate levels. Methods: Three experiments with 11 C-ABP688 were performed to validate our study setup: first, metabolite analyses during workup (n 5 3) and after a selected treatment (n 5 3); second, a test-retest (n 5 12) small-animal PET experiment (1 h scan; 27.75 MBq of 11 C-ABP688 administered intravenously; ,3 nmol/kg); and third, a small-animal PET and b-microprobe cold blocking study (n 5 6/ condition) with unlabeled ABP688. After this experimental validation, rats were pretreated with either NAc (intravenous infusion of 50 mg/kg/h) or MK-801 (0.16 mg/kg; given intraperitoneally); this step was followed by small-animal PET with 11 C-ABP688 (n 5 12) or b-microprobe measurements (n 5 10/condition) of 11 C-ABP688. Time-activity curves were extracted, and the nondisplaceable binding potential (BP ND ) was calculated by use of the simplified reference tissue model with the cerebellum as a reference region. Results: 11 C-ABP688 BP ND measurements were highly reproducible (test-retest), and both small-animal PET and b-microprobes were able to discriminate changes in 11 C-ABP688 binding (cold blocking). The average small-animal PET BP ND measurements in the test experiment for the caudate putamen, frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus were 2.58, 1.40, 1.60, 1.86, and 1.09, respectively. However, no significant differences in BP ND measurements were observed with small-animal PET in the test and retest conditions on the one hand and the NAc and MK-801 conditions on the other hand for any of these regions. When b-microprobes were used, the average BP ND in the caudate putamen was 0.94, and no significant changes in the test and MK-801 conditions were observed. Conclusion: Pharmacologic challenges with NAc and MK-801 did not affect the 11 C-ABP688 BP ND in the rat brain. These data suggest that the in vivo affinity of 11 C-ABP688 for binding to an allosteric site of the metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor is not modulated by changes in glutamate levels and that 11 C-ABP688 is not capable of measuring acute fluctuations in endogenous levels of glutamate in vivo in the rat brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

N-Acetylcysteine– and MK-801–Induced Changes in Glutamate Levels Do Not Affect In Vivo Binding of Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Radioligand ¹¹C-ABP688 in Rat Brain

et al. 2013

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“…According to Myers, Adell, and Lankford (1998), several sampling techniques had been developed to collect brain ECF from the cerebral ventricles prior to the development of the push-pull perfusion technique, which overcomes the problem of morphological imprecision and difficulties to access neuronal systems. Since the development of push-pull systems for perfusion of anatomically distinct regions of the brain of living animal, the main topics that have been discussed are the recovery of substances, the infusion of drugs through the cannula, and the consequent tissue damage that occurs at the sample region.…”

Section: Push-pull Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, in view of the greater extent of tissue damage that occurs near the sampled region, because of the size of the cannula and the flow at the tip, push-pull perfusion sampling has become a less favorable and less competitive technique since the development of microdialysis sampling (Kottegoda, Shaik, & Shippy, 2002). Additionally, push-pull techniques are also suspected of altering the transporter mechanism, uptake process, or other synaptic processes as a result of direct contact of the artificial CSF with the cells, that perturbing the milieu of the extracellular environment (Myers, Adell, & Lankford, 1998;Kennedy, Thompson, & Vickroy, 2002;Kottegoda, Shaik, & Shippy, 2002), especially when the flow rates in the push and pull tubes are not balanced precisely.…”

Section: Push-pull Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivomonitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques

Su¹,

Sun²,

Tzeng³

et al. 2009

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

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The roles of metal ions to sustain normal function and to cause dysfunction of neurological systems have been confirmed by various studies. However, because of the lack of adequate analytical method to monitor the transfer kinetics of metal ions in the brain of a living animal, research on the physiopathological roles of metal ions in the CNS remains in its early stages and more analytical efforts are still needed. To explicitly model the possible links between metal ions and physiopathological alterations, it is essential to develop in vivo monitoring techniques that can bridge the gap between metalloneurochemistry and neurophysiopathology. Although inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a very powerful technique for multiple trace element analyses, when dealing with chemically complex microdialysis samples, the detection capability is largely limited by instrumental sensitivity, selectivity, and contamination that arise from the experimental procedure. As a result, in recent years several high efficient and clean on-line sample pretreatment systems have been developed and combined with microdialysis and ICP-MS for the continuous and in vivo determination of the concentration-time profiles of metal ions in the extracellular space of rat brain. This article reviews the research relevant to the development of analytical techniques for the in vivo determination of dynamic variation in the concentration levels of metal ions in a living animal.

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“…In contrast, the size of lesions due to the fluid infusion with microdialysis method is smaller as only 2 μl/min of CSF is perfused with the microdialysis method, whereas 15-22 μl/min of CSF is perfused with the push-pull perfusion method. However, a comprehensive study by Myers and colleagues indicates that sizes of histological lesions by both methods are essentially comparable (Myers et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microdialysis method employs a semi-permeable membrane attached to the end of two cannulae (inlet and outlet) allowing biochemical substances to enter samples by concentration equilibrium across the membrane placed in the base of the hypothalamus, while aCSF is slowly perfused by a pump. Although both approaches are very powerful, each has strengths and weaknesses (Levine et al, 1994;Terasawa, 1994;Robinson, 1995;Myers et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdialysis methods for in vivo neuropeptide measurement in the Stalk-median eminence in the Rhesus monkey

Frost

Keen

Levine

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Direct measurement of neuropeptides in the hypothalamus is essential for neuroendocrine studies. However, the small quantities of peptides released at their neuroterminals and relatively large molecular sizes make these measurements difficult. We have evaluated microdialysis probes with two membrane materials (polycarbonate and polyarylethersulfone, both: molecular cut off 20,000 daltons) in vitro, and adapted the method for in vivo hypothalamic sample collection in non-human primates. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the polyarylethersulfone membrane yielded a several fold higher recovery rate than the polycarbonate membrane. In in vivo experiments, a guide cannula with stylet was inserted into the medial basal hypothalamus through the permanently implanted cranial pedestal under light sedation. The stylet was replaced by a microdialysis probe and artificial CSF was infused. The results indicated that the neuropeptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was readily measurable in dialysates collected at 10 min-intervals, and responded to neuroactive substances applied through the probe. The animals were fully conscious except for the initial hour of sampling. After the experiment the animal was returned to the home cage, and later similarly examined during several additional experiments. Therefore, the microdialysis method described here is a highly useful tool for neuroendocrine studies in non-human primates.

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Simultaneous comparison of cerebral dialysis and push–pull perfusion in the brain of rats: a critical review

Cited by 55 publications

References 187 publications

N-Acetylcysteine– and MK-801–Induced Changes in Glutamate Levels Do Not Affect In Vivo Binding of Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Radioligand ¹¹C-ABP688 in Rat Brain

N-Acetylcysteine– and MK-801–Induced Changes in Glutamate Levels Do Not Affect In Vivo Binding of Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Radioligand ¹¹C-ABP688 in Rat Brain

In vivomonitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques

Microdialysis methods for in vivo neuropeptide measurement in the Stalk-median eminence in the Rhesus monkey

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Simultaneous comparison of cerebral dialysis and push–pull perfusion in the brain of rats: a critical review

Cited by 55 publications

References 187 publications

N-Acetylcysteine– and MK-801–Induced Changes in Glutamate Levels Do Not Affect In Vivo Binding of Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Radioligand 11C-ABP688 in Rat Brain

N-Acetylcysteine– and MK-801–Induced Changes in Glutamate Levels Do Not Affect In Vivo Binding of Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Radioligand 11C-ABP688 in Rat Brain

In vivomonitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques

Microdialysis methods for in vivo neuropeptide measurement in the Stalk-median eminence in the Rhesus monkey

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N-Acetylcysteine– and MK-801–Induced Changes in Glutamate Levels Do Not Affect In Vivo Binding of Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Radioligand ¹¹C-ABP688 in Rat Brain

N-Acetylcysteine– and MK-801–Induced Changes in Glutamate Levels Do Not Affect In Vivo Binding of Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Radioligand ¹¹C-ABP688 in Rat Brain