Simultaneous determination of 12 chemical constituents in the traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei by HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection

Introduction. There is epidemiological evidence that Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) is the most common Chinese medicine decoction coprescribed with tamoxifen (Tam) when breast cancer is treated by hormonal therapy. However, whether there is interaction between JWXYS and Tam remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of JWXYS on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with Tam. Methods. In vitro cultured MCF-7 cells were cotreated with JWXYS and Tam. This was followed by MTT ([4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays and cell cycle analysis to assess cell proliferation; Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression of various proteins involved in growth-related signal pathways. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to detect autophagy among the cancer cells. In vivo analysis used female athymic nude mice implanted with MCF-7 cells; these mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups. All mice were killed humanely after 21 days of treatment; body weight, tumor volume, and tumor weight were then measured. Results. JWXYS was not cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells, based on the fact that there were no statistically significant changes between the JWXYS + Tam groups and the Tam-alone group in cell numbers, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation signals, the latter including the expression levels of AKT, ERK, P38, p27(Kip1), and light chain (LC3)-I, II. Furthermore, using the MCF-7 xenograft mouse model, there were no significant changes between the JWXYS (1.3-3.9 gm/kg) + Tam groups and the Tam-alone group in terms of tumor weight and the protein expression levels of AKT, ERK, P38, and p27 (Kip1). However, there was a significant decrease in LC3-II protein expression with the low-dose JWXYS + Tam group but not with the middle-or high-dose JWXYS + Tam groups compared with the Tamalone group. Conclusion. Based on in vitro studies and in vivo functional studies, there is no obvious interaction between JWXYS and Tam. However, the presence of interference at the molecular level in relation to LC3-II expression provides important information and may affect treatment strategies when physicians have patients with estrogen receptor-α(+) or progesterone receptor(+) breast cancers.

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“…The quality control of the herbs was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (Figure 1). 30 …”

Section: Preparation Of Jwxys Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Treated With Tamoxifen

et al. 2014

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“…Researchers estimate that the worldwide breast cancer incidence rate of females will reach approximately 3.2 million per year in 2050. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for the prevention and treatment of diseases in China for thousands of years . Modified Xiaoyao powder (MXP) can be used for controlling spontaneous sweating, headaches, and irregular menstruation, as well as other symptoms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for the prevention and treatment of diseases in China for thousands of years. 2 Modified Xiaoyao powder (MXP) can be used for controlling spontaneous sweating, headaches, and irregular menstruation, as well as other symptoms. 3 The MXP consists of Bupleurum chinenis DC, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening active components of modified Xiaoyao powder as NRF2 agonists

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) regulates antioxidant enzymes and phase II detoxifying enzymes, such as NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Modified Xiaoyao powder (MXP) is most frequently used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in China. This study aimed to screen active components of MXP for antioxidant stress and chemoprevention, which depend on NRF2-NQO1 signalling pathway. A total of 25 monomeric compounds contained in MXP were screened using an antioxidant response element-luciferase reporter. The most potent antioxidant response element-luciferase inducers were chosen to further examine their effects on NRF2 and NQO1 in MCF-7 cells. These results were then confirmed by determining the oxidative stress levels and chemopreventive effect on inhibiting carcinogenesis transformation in NRF2 knockdown (NRF2 ) and NRF2 wild-type MCF-10A cells. We found that quercetin, kaempferol, and atractylenolide II in MXP were potent NRF2 inducers, which could up-regulate the expression of NRF2 and its downstream enzymes NQO1. In addition, these components could decrease reduced oxidative stress and inhibit carcinogenesis transformation, which depended on NRF2-NQO1 pathway. In conclusion, NRF2-NQO1 pathway plays an essential role in mediating the activity of MXP and its active components, at least in part; some beneficial effects of MXP may be applicable to breast cancer chemoprevention. Our study firstly found MXP active components including quercetin, kaempferol, and atractylenolide II. Our results firstly demonstrate that NRF2-NQO1 pathway plays an essential role in mediating the activity of MXP and its active components in breast cancer chemoprevention. Our study firstly found that atractylenolide II is a novel NRF2 inducer.

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“…Recently, analytical methods have been reported for use in measuring the herbal ingredients of JWXYS [23, 24], but there has been little research on simultaneously determining the marker constituents of this complex herbal formulation. In the current study we describe a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the measurement of major biomarker compounds of saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, and paeoniflorin in JWXYS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Physical Methods to Analyze a Multicomponent Traditional Chinese Herbal Prescription Using LC-MS/MS, Electron Microscope, and Congo Red Staining

Lu¹,

Hou²,

Lin

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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This study develops several chemical and physical methods to evaluate the quality of a traditional Chinese formulation, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with electrospray ionization was used to measure the herbal biomarkers of saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, and paeoniflorin from this herbal formula. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscopy photographs with Congo red staining were used to identify the cellulose fibers if raw herbal powder had been added to the herbal pharmaceutical product. Moreover, water solubility and crude fiber content examination were used to inspect for potential herbal additives to the herbal pharmaceutical products. The results demonstrate that the contents of the herbal ingredients of saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, and paeoniflorin were around 0.351 ± 0.017, 0.136 ± 0.010, 0.140 ± 0.005, and 2.281 ± 0.406 mg/g, respectively, for this herbal pharmaceutical product. The physical examination data demonstrate that the raw herbal powder had rough, irregular, lumpy, filamentous, and elongated shapes, as well as strong Congo red staining. In addition, water solubility and crude fiber content were not consistent in the herbal pharmaceutical products.

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Simultaneous determination of 12 chemical constituents in the traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei by HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Treated With Tamoxifen

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Treated With Tamoxifen

Screening active components of modified Xiaoyao powder as NRF2 agonists

Chemical and Physical Methods to Analyze a Multicomponent Traditional Chinese Herbal Prescription Using LC-MS/MS, Electron Microscope, and Congo Red Staining

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