Simultaneous determination of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 210 Pb in drinking water using 3M Empore™ RAD disk by LSC-PLS

Recent progresses in analytical method development for 210Pb in environmental and biological samples

“…Diammonium hydroxide citrate (DHC) also has the potential for lead extraction. Fons-Castells et al ( 2017 ) proposed a procedure to simultaneously extract and measure 210 Pb, 228 Ra, and 226 Ra in drinking water. 210 Pb was selectively extracted from RAD disk with DHC at a pH of 5.75.…”

“…HNO 3 + H 2 O 2 Sr resin column LSC (via 210 Pb) 92 ± 8 1 Bq m −3 (Strok et al 2016 ) Soil, medicinal plant Soil: sieve Medicinal plant: wet ashing - HPGe gamma spectrometer (via 210 Pb) - 0.77 Bq kg −1 (Chandrashekara and Somashekarappa 2016 ) Beans Ashing at 450 °C for 48 h Microwave-assisted acid digestion Sr resin LSC (via 210 Pb) 84–84 0.13 Bq kg −1 f. w (Mingote and Nogueira 2016 ) Water Filter PS resin 1220 Quantulus LSC 91 - (Lluch et al 2016 ) Water Acid digestion with HNO 3 , co-precipitation with iron hydroxides Prepackaged Sr resin LSC (via 210 Pb) - 1 Bq m −3 (Villa-Alfageme et al 2016 ) Water Acid digestion with conc. HNO 3 Extraction with diammonium hydroxide citrate 3 M Empore™ RAD disk by LSC-PLS (via 210 Pb) - 0.02 Bq kg −1 (Fons-Castells et al 2017 ) Bivalve mollusk - - Low-level gamma-ray spectrometry 100 - (Hurtado-Bermude...…”

Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application

“…There are a variety of methods for determining one or more radium isotopes in environmental and food samples using different chemical separation and measurement methods [27,[146][147].…”

“…LSC is still a common used measurement method in the routine monitoring work in the nuclear facilities and medical researches. Besides the anthropogenic radionuclides, the LSC is a key measurement technique for the measurement of natural occurred radionuclides, such as 210 Pb, 226 Ra, 228 Ra,222 Rn [27][28] due to its high availability in radioanalytical laboratory and simple sample preparation.…”

Improved method for measuring low concentration radium and its application to the Super-Kamiokande Gadolinium project

“…They determined the concentration of 226 Ra included in rocks or building materials in the range of 5.2 − 165.0 Bq kg −1 . Other chemical extraction techniques have been developed using "Empore Radium Rad Disk" produced by 3M Corporation [3] (see the following sections in more details) to determine 226 Ra in water at the 10 2 − 10 4 mBq L −1 level [4][5][6]. However, the chemical extraction of 226 Ra from a very high matrix sample with a much lower concentration has not been established.…”