“…Methods described so far include atomic absorption spectrometry (3,12,13), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (14), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (15,16), energy dispersive X-ray fl uorescence (17), potentiometric stripping analysis, and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (13,18). The most common among them for determining Pb at trace levels is graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) (14,(19)(20)(21)(22), a selective, simple, and highly sensitive method, adequate for direct determination in various matrices.…”