Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium (II) and Zinc (II) by Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Multiple Linear Regression Using an Anthrylpentaazamacrocycle Chemosensor

Abstract

The work that is reported here concerns a method that allows the simultaneous determination of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) in aqueous solution by molecular fluorescence spectroscopy using 9-(1',4',7',10',13'-pentaazacyclopentadecyl)-methylanthracene. For this chemosensor, the fluorophore pi-system is insulated from an azacrown donor by one methylene group. A self-quenching mechanism, resulting from an electron transfer from the nitrogens of the azacrown to the excited aromatic system, essentially precludes fluorescence emission. Fluorescence is restored when cadmium (II) or zinc (II) are chelated by the macrocycle. The difference between the emission spectra profiles of the free chemosensor, the cadmium and the zinc chelates is such that the concentration determination of the two metals and the remaining free chemosensor is possible at the nanomolar scale in only one experiment using a multiple linear regression algorithm. Usefulness and convenience of this simple method is proven by steady state and kinetic quantitative determination experiments.

Highly responsive glutathione functionalized green AuNP probe for precise colorimetric detection of Cd2+ contamination in the environment

“…The presence of chemical toxins, heavy metals, inorganic and organic pollutants in water, due to either natural or articial processes, needs to be monitored constantly to safe guard the supply of clean drinking water to the public, and to control its impact on the environment and the ecosystem. 4,5 Several methods such as electrochemical analysis, 6 atomic absorption spectrometry, 7,8 inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry 9 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 10 and molecular uorescence spectroscopy 11 have been developed for the detection of heavy metals in environmental samples. Most of the methods are expensive, intricate and arduous for in situ detection.…”

Colorimetric detection of Cd2+ using gold nanoparticles cofunctionalized with 6-mercaptonicotinic acid and l-Cysteine

“…The techniques currently available for the detection of Cd 2+ include electrochemical stripping analysis, 3 flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 4 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), 5 inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), 6 atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), 7 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 8 and molecular fluorescence spectroscopy. 9 Although these methods offer excellent sensitivity and multielement analysis, they are costly, time-consuming, sophisticated, and inappropriate for on-site field analysis. Therefore, it remains a challenge to explore a simple and inexpensive method for the determination of Cd 2+ in real-time environmental monitoring.…”

A theoretical approach on the ability of functionalized gold nanoparticles for detection of Cd2+

“…Therefore, proposing an accurate method for selective detection of cadmium is of importance. Different methods have been proposed for the detection of Cd 2+ , such as electrochemical 15 and spectroscopic methods 16 – 20 . These methods provide an acceptable sensitivity, but they are expensive, complicated, and time-consuming.…”