Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine, Taurine and Five Water-Soluble Vitamins in Tobacco Products by HPLC–MS/MS

Ren, Hu-Bo; Chen, Yusong; Wang, Hualin; Ji, Lishun

doi:10.1007/s10337-019-03799-6

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There are an abundance of successful methods developed within the literature for the analysis of vitamins within a solid or liquid matrix. [146][147][148][149] These studies are primarily from food and agricultural chemistry fields which assess the vitamin content of fortified and unfortified foods, 150 baby formula, 151 energy drinks, 148,152 vitamin supplements in tablet form, 153 and animal feed. 154 Missing from the literature are reports of vitamin or bioactive molecule solubility properties in common carrier fluids such as PG or VG, with the exception of melatonin which shows low solubility.…”

Section: Methods To Detect Vitamin Levels In An E-liquid Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was considered that development of a method that incorporated both LC-UVDAD/EI/MS, could provide the specificity required for quantification via MS, as well as providing a UV spectrum to confirm species preliminarily identified by their mass to charge ratio (m/z) in instances where their confirmation was required. 148 This approach was considered to have the potential to produce similarly specific results as LC-MS/MS with respect to quantification. An additional benefit of running in negative ESI mode is a significant reduction in background noise.…”

Section: Attempted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimised method was derived from Ren et al (2019) 148 , which examined the vitamin content of tobacco products. The original method saw co-elution across several compounds.…”

Section: Attempted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optimisation of the method involved making adjustments to the gradient in order to allow more complete separation as well as amending the m/z used for SIM detection as under these condition vitamin B12 was doubly charged. The details of the original method and its progress towards optimisation are shown below in Figure 3.3, using the method details as set out in the Ren et al 148 With respect to vitamin C, an attempt was made to combine its quantification in a single method with the vitamin B vitamers. Even though freshly prepared standards gave adequate signals at high concentration, its sensitivity was low compared to all other vitamins.…”

Section: Attempted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be attributed to both propensity to degrade quickly in water and when combined with vitamin B6. 148 As a result, vitamin C was not quantified in vaping samples. Vitamin C was still examined for the degradation studies to confirm its degradation in the PG/VG matrix.…”

Section: Attempted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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'Bone Broth is So Last Year - I Vape my Vitamins now' - The vaporisation of bioactive molecules in e-cigarette devices.

Dooley¹

2022

Preprint

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The use of electronic cigarettes as alternative nicotine delivery devices has seen a dramatic increase in recent years. Regulations (TGO110) have been introduced in an attempt to set out minimum safety and quality requirements for nicotine vaping products. These regulations provide restrictions not only pertaining to the nicotine content but also prohibiting the use of certain flavourings and the addition of any bioactive molecules other than nicotine to these products. However, these regulations do not apply to any e-liquids that do not contain nicotine including nicotine-free vitamin vaping products. The content of 32 samples from five different brands of nicotine-free disposable vaporisers claiming to contain vitamins and other bioactive molecules were examined as part of this study. There was no evidence in the literature of vitamins ever being quantified within this e-liquid matrix. As part of this project a new LC-MS method for the quantification of bioactive molecules in vaporiser e-liquids was developed and validated. Of the 9 targeted bioactive molecules (water soluble vitamins, caffeine and melatonin), very few were able to be quantified or even detected within these e-liquid samples, while some samples contained bioactives in quantifiable concentrations which were not listed in the ingredients. A concurrent degradation study was carried out to monitor the behaviour of targeted bioactive molecules in different mixtures of carrier fluids, which found that many, but especially vitamin B12, were unstable over time and were prone to degradation. To collect additional content information, GC-MS analysis was also carried out on the purchased samples. Tentative content analysis was carried out by library matching to an in house library created from purchased standards of common flavouring molecules and previously synthesised acetals and to a commercially available database (NIST17). GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin as carrier fluids in all samples. In addition, artificial flavouring molecules, synthetic cooling agents (WS-23) and adduct formation were also observed in a wide range of samples. The findings of this study indicate that the claims made by these companies are demonstrably false and that further investigation is needed into the contents of these vaporisers and their potential toxicity, especially given their lack of regulation.

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Section: Methods To Detect Vitamin Levels In An E-liquid Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attempted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimised method was derived from Ren et al (2019) 148 , which examined the vitamin content of tobacco products. The original method saw co-elution across several compounds.…”

Section: Attempted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attempted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attempted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

'Bone Broth is So Last Year - I Vape my Vitamins now' - The vaporisation of bioactive molecules in e-cigarette devices.

Dooley¹

2022

Preprint

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Caffeine quantification in dietary supplements using high-throughput on-line solid phase extraction coupled to Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry

Tega,

Campos Oliveira,

Ferreira

et al. 2024

Anal. Methods

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Comparison of the Limit of Detection of Paracetamol, Propyphenazone, and Caffeine Analyzed by TLC and HPTLC

Bober-Majnusz,

Pyka-Pająk

2024

Preprint

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TLC and HPTLC in normal (NP) and reversed (RP) phase systems combined with densitometry were used to analyze caffeine, propyphenazone and paracetamol. Normal phase analyses were performed on five different stationary phases (chromatographic plates), testing three mobile phases. Reversed-phase analyses were performed on four different chromatographic plates using three mobile phases. Thus, it was checked whether analyses using TLC chromatographic plates could be as sensitive as those performed on HPTLC plates. For all analyzed biologically active substances, the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated, i.e. a parameter that describes the method sensitivity. It has been shown that using both TLC and HPTLC plates, it is possible to develop chromatographic conditions that enable the detection of caffeine, propyphenazone and paracetamol in amounts ranging from a dozen to several dozen µg/spot. In the reversed-phase (RP) system, lower LOD values for all tested compounds were obtained using TLC than HPTLC. However, using analyses in the normal phase system (NP), similar (of the same order) LOD values are obtained for caffeine, propyphenazone and paracetamol, both when using TLC and HPTLC plates. Therefore, for economic reasons, TLC plates should be recommended for analyses of caffeine, propyphenazone and paracetamol, which are several times cheaper than HPTLC plates.

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Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine, Taurine and Five Water-Soluble Vitamins in Tobacco Products by HPLC–MS/MS

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

'Bone Broth is So Last Year - I Vape my Vitamins now' - The vaporisation of bioactive molecules in e-cigarette devices.

'Bone Broth is So Last Year - I Vape my Vitamins now' - The vaporisation of bioactive molecules in e-cigarette devices.

Caffeine quantification in dietary supplements using high-throughput on-line solid phase extraction coupled to Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry

Comparison of the Limit of Detection of Paracetamol, Propyphenazone, and Caffeine Analyzed by TLC and HPTLC

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