Simultaneous determination of carcinogenic PAHs and levoglucosan bound to PM2.5 for assessment of health risk and pollution sources during a smoke haze period

Thepnuan, Duangduean; Yabueng, Nuttipon; Chantara, Somporn; Prapamontol, Tippawan; Tsai, Ying I.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127154

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The results for these cities indicate average concentrations ranging from 1.36 to 1056 ng/m 3 [18,73,[127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136], and the seasonal and regional differences are consistent with the results reported by Yan et al [126]. In other Asian cities, relatively low concentrations levels of PAHs have been observed in Japan [137][138][139], South Korea [140,141], Vietnam [142], Singapore [143], Malaysia [144], Thailand [145], Qatar [146], and Lebanon [147], ranging from 0.56 ng/m 3 (Doha, Qatar) to 29.5 ng/m 3 (Gwangju, South Korea). Relatively high PAH concentration levels have been observed in Mongolia [148], Pakistan [149], India [150][151][152], and Iran [153,154] ranging from 0.66 ng/m 3 (Bushehr, Iran) to 773 ng/m 3 (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), which countries are the most polluted areas in the world.…”

Section: Outdoor Concentrations Of Pm-bound Pahssupporting

confidence: 88%

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Particulate matter (PM) is a major factor contributing to air quality deterioration that enters the atmosphere as a consequence of various natural and anthropogenic activities. In PM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of organic chemicals with at least two aromatic rings that are mainly directly emitted via the incomplete combustion of various organic materials. Numerous toxicological and epidemiological studies have proven adverse links between exposure to particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs and human health due to their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Among human exposure routes, inhalation is the main pathway regarding PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere. Moreover, the concentrations of PM-bound PAHs differ among people, microenvironments and areas. Hence, understanding the behaviour of PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere is crucial. However, because current techniques hardly monitor PAHs in real-time, timely feedback on PAHs including the characteristics of their concentration and composition, is not obtained via real-time analysis methods. Therefore, in this review, we summarize personal exposure, and indoor and outdoor PM-bound PAH concentrations for different participants, spaces, and cities worldwide in recent years. The main aims are to clarify the characteristics of PM-bound PAHs under different exposure conditions, in addition to the health effects and assessment methods of PAHs.

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Section: Outdoor Concentrations Of Pm-bound Pahssupporting

confidence: 88%

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The samples were then analyzed for levoglucosan, biomass burning tracer. The result showed that cPAHs concentration was coincided well with level of levoglucosan and therefore their concentrations were well correlated (r ~ 0.7), as described in our earlier study [47]. Moreover, Chiang Mai aerosols during the study period were extremely influenced by open burning.…”

Section: ) Diagnostic Ratio Of Pahs For Source Identificationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Characterization of PM2.5–bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chiang Mai, Thailand during Biomass Open Burning Period of 2016

Thepnuan

Chantara

2020

App. Envi. Res.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bounded to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) were determined for enabling health risk assessment and source identification of ambient aerosols. Daily PM2.5 samples (24 h) were collected on quartz fiber filters by using a low volume air sampler (16.7 L min-1) during smoke haze period (March–April 2016) in Chiang Mai, Thailand. An average concentration of PM2.5 (n=54) was 65.3±17.6 μg m-3. The samples were extracted with dichloromethane using ultrasonication prior to PAHs analysis by GC-MS. Average concentrations of 16-PAHs, non-carcinogenic (nc) PAHs and carcinogenic (c) PAHs were 10.23±2.49, 5.48±1.70 and 4.75±1.43 ng m-3, respectively. Ratio values of cPAHs/ncPAHs ranged from 0.44 to 1.98. Strong correlation (r= 0.76) between PM2.5 and cPAHs concentration was observed. Toxicity equivalent concentrations (TEQ) of PAHs was 1.13±0.34 ng m-3. The value of inhalation cancer risk (ICR) for exposure of ambient PAHs calculated from TEQ value was 1.0×10-4 indicating high risk for long term exposure. Diagnostic ratios (DRs) of various pairs of PAHs revealed that biomass burning is a major source during smoke haze period.

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“…These risks have been demonstrated across different age groups [ 29 , 60 ]. Carcinogenic risks increased with increasing intensity of haze [ 94 ], and these risks were observed for naturally ventilated indoor exposure, outdoor exposure, combined indoor and outdoor exposures [ 74 ], and in areas closer to burning activities [ 96 ]. One study highlighted the interactions between chemicals and lung fluids in the human body [ 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haze days were defined by PM2.5 concentration (PM2.5 >35 μg/m 3 ) [ 29 , 60 ], visibility (visibility <8, <6, and <3 km) [ 74 ], and air quality index (AQI >100) [ 73 ]. Some studies identified haze by areas [ 68 , 95 ] or by burning activity seasons [ 59 , 71 , 72 , 91 – 94 , 96 ], during which samples were collected. Specifically, these studies identified haze events by examining burning sources [ 59 , 95 ], weather conditions (i.e., dry or wet seasons) [ 91 ], and burning intensities (low: PM10 <50 μg/m 3 ; medium: PM10 ranged 50–70 μg/m 3 ; high: PM10 ranged 75–100μg/m 3 ; and extreme: PM10 >100 μg/m 3 ) [ 94 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies identified haze by areas [ 68 , 95 ] or by burning activity seasons [ 59 , 71 , 72 , 91 – 94 , 96 ], during which samples were collected. Specifically, these studies identified haze events by examining burning sources [ 59 , 95 ], weather conditions (i.e., dry or wet seasons) [ 91 ], and burning intensities (low: PM10 <50 μg/m 3 ; medium: PM10 ranged 50–70 μg/m 3 ; high: PM10 ranged 75–100μg/m 3 ; and extreme: PM10 >100 μg/m 3 ) [ 94 ]. One HRA study was conducted in the immediate vicinity of a fire source (peatland fire) [ 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A scoping review on the health effects of smoke haze from vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia: Issues with study approaches and interpretation

et al. 2022

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Smoke haze due to vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia is a serious public health concern. Several approaches have been applied in previous studies; however, the concepts and interpretations of these approaches are poorly understood. In this scoping review, we addressed issues related to the application of epidemiology (EPI), health burden estimation (HBE), and health risk assessment (HRA) approaches, and discussed the interpretation of findings, and current research gaps. Most studies reported an air quality index exceeding the ‘unhealthy’ level, especially during smoke haze periods. Although smoke haze is a regional issue in Southeast Asia, studies on its related health effects have only been reported from several countries in the region. Each approach revealed increased health effects in a distinct manner: EPI studies reported excess mortality and morbidity during smoke haze compared to non-smoke haze periods; HBE studies estimated approximately 100,000 deaths attributable to smoke haze in the entire Southeast Asia considering all-cause mortality and all age groups, which ranged from 1,064–260,000 for specified mortality cause, age group, study area, and study period; HRA studies quantified potential lifetime cancer and non-cancer risks due to exposure to smoke-related chemicals. Currently, there is a lack of interconnection between these three approaches. The EPI approach requires extensive effort to investigate lifetime health effects, whereas the HRA approach needs to clarify the assumptions in exposure assessments to estimate lifetime health risks. The HBE approach allows the presentation of health impact in different scenarios, however, the risk functions used are derived from EPI studies from other regions. Two recent studies applied a combination of the EPI and HBE approaches to address uncertainty issues due to the selection of risk functions. In conclusion, all approaches revealed potential health risks due to smoke haze. Nonetheless, future studies should consider comparable exposure assessments to allow the integration of the three approaches.

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Simultaneous determination of carcinogenic PAHs and levoglucosan bound to PM2.5 for assessment of health risk and pollution sources during a smoke haze period

Cited by 12 publications

References 80 publications

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Characterization of PM2.5–bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chiang Mai, Thailand during Biomass Open Burning Period of 2016

A scoping review on the health effects of smoke haze from vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia: Issues with study approaches and interpretation

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