Simultaneous Determination of Clidinium Bromide and Chlordiazepoxide in Combined Dosage Forms by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Ashour, Safwan; Kattan, Nuha

doi:10.1155/2013/417682

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The dried samples were analysed by HPLC after reconstitution with mobile phase, besides pure drug Chlordiazepoxide was also injected into HPLC to set it as a standard. 27 Analytical Methods High Performance liquid Chromatography 28,29 Extracted drug and metabolites were isolated by using a phenomenex luna 5µ C18(2) 100A 250 X 4.60mm (Phenomenex, USA) column and solvent system consisted of Methylene chloride: methanol (0.5:9.5) at a flow rate of 1ml/ min in a HPLC system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with LC 20 AD pump solvent delivery module and SPD 20AV UV detector. Sensitivity was set at 0.0001aufs.…”

Section: Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Biotransformation of Chlordiazepoxide and Evaluation of Type and Kinetics of Fungal Enzyme

Keerthana¹,

Vidyavathi²

2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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To produce an active metabolite of Chlordiazepoxide by fungal biotransformation in an easy and economic way and also to develop microbial models for drug metabolism studies. Chlordiazepoxide is metabolized in the liver by CYP3A4 and forms major active metabolite N-desmethyl chlordiazepoxide. The focus of the study was to explore the ability of six distinct fungi to biotransform the drug Chlordiazepoxide to its metabolites. Induction, Inhibition and kinetic studies were also conducted to find out the type and capability of enzyme involved in fungal biotransformation. The screening studies were performed and fermentation protocol was designed with two controls (culture control and drug control) and one sample. Extract metabolite samples were reconstituted and analysed using HPLC. Induction, Inhibition studies were conducted similarly by maintaining its respective controls using CYP3A4 inducer (Carbamazepine) and inhibitor (Fluoxetine), further kinetic studies were performed to find Km and Vmax of fungal biotransformation of Chlordiazepoxide. Among six organisms Aspergillus ochreus has shown an extra peak at 6.9 min. in HPLC when compared with its controls indicated the formation of metabolite. The metabolite thus formed was identified, isolated and structure was confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as Nor-chlordiazepoxide. During inhibition and induction studies, it was found that quantity of the metabolite was increased with inducer and decreased with inhibitor. The Km and Vmax of fungal metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide was 1.928 µg/ml and 0.1802 µg/ml/hr respectively. Aspergillus ochreus has the ability to biotransform the Chlordiazepoxide to its active metabolite by CYP3A4 like enzyme and it followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics.

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Section: Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Biotransformation of Chlordiazepoxide and Evaluation of Type and Kinetics of Fungal Enzyme

Keerthana¹,

Vidyavathi²

2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…It shares the actions of other benzodiazepines and is used for the management of anxiety disorders or for short-termrelief of symptoms of anxiety and for the management of agitation associated with acute alcohol withdrawal [2][3].Several methods have been reported for the quantitative determination of chlordiazepoxide including titrimetry [1]. HPLC [4][5][6][7][8] , gaschromatography (GC) [9] , spectrophotometry [10][11][12][13][14][15] , ion-selective electrodes [16] and voltametry [17][18] . This paper reports a simple, sensitive and accurate new high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of chlordiazepoxide in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations…”

Section: ‫الخالصة:‬mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Chlordiazepoxide in Pharmaceutical Preparations Application to content uniformity testing

Ahmed¹

2018

AJPS

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A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed for the determination of chlordiazepoxide in the pharmaceutical formulations . Separation was achieved using supelco C18 column(25cm x 4.6 mm. 5 µm). The mobile phase (ethanol), adjusted pH to 1.0 with 1N sulfuric acid and pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min . The peaks were detected at 310 nm. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.01- 0.20 mg/ml .The method was statistically validated and RSD was found to be less than 1.5 % indicating high degree of accuracy and precision of the proposed HPLC method. Due to its simplicity, rapidness, high precision and accuracy, the proposed HPLC method may be used for determining chlordiazepoxide in pure drug samples, and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

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“…The reported methods for quantitative determination of risperidone in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical samples, include liquid chromatography with UV detection [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , spectrophotometry [15][16][17] , capillary zone electrophoresis [18][19] , and thin layer chromatography [20][21][22] . One LC method and the TLC methods were stability indicating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Quantification of Risperidone in Tablets

Mennickent

Diego

Liser

et al. 2018

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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A stability-indicating LC method was developed and validated for the determination of risperidone in tablets. Quantitation was achieved by LC/DAD at 294 nm over the concentration range of 25.00 µg/mL to 250.00 µg/mL. Mobile phase was a mixture of water: glacial acetic acid 0.50 %: triethylamine 0.80 %: acetonitrile (65.00: 0.32: 0.52: 34.16, v/v), using a Purosphere STAR RP-18e 250 x 4.5 mm (5µ) column, and paroxetine as internal standard. The method exhibited an adequate linearity (r = 0.999), selectivity, precision (RSD ≤ 0.847 %) and accuracy (recoveries from 99.55 % to 101.35 %). Risperidone was subjected to the stress conditions of oxidative, acid, base, thermal and photolytic degradation. Risperidone was found no degrade in basic or acid stress conditions, neither in thermal stress exposition (50, 70 and 100 ºC) no at visible or UV stress conditions, during the time of the study. Only two degradation products were observed with peroxide oxidation, well resolved from analyte peak, proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The proposed method was found to be suitable for quantitative determination and the stability studies of risperidone in tablets.

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Simultaneous Determination of Clidinium Bromide and Chlordiazepoxide in Combined Dosage Forms by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Fungal Biotransformation of Chlordiazepoxide and Evaluation of Type and Kinetics of Fungal Enzyme

Fungal Biotransformation of Chlordiazepoxide and Evaluation of Type and Kinetics of Fungal Enzyme

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Chlordiazepoxide in Pharmaceutical Preparations Application to content uniformity testing

Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Quantification of Risperidone in Tablets

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