Simultaneous Determination of Essential Oil Components and Fatty Acids in Fennel using Gas Chromatography with a Polar Capillary Column

Najdoska-Bogdanov, Menče; Bogdanov, Jane; Стефова, Марина

doi:10.1177/1934578x1501000933

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The chemical composition is quite similar to the ones reported for sweet fennel fruit from Turkey [40,41] and Greece [33]. In general, the transanethole content in sweet fennel is from 80 to 90 % [14,18,20,33,[40][41][42] and sometimes it can be up to 95% [14,43,44]. According to the results of GC-FID analyses ( Table 2), along with the abovementioned decrease in the essential oil content, there is a gradual change in the chemical composition as the sweet fennel fruits age.…”

Section: Essential Oil Composition Of Fennel Fruits With Agingsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Our goal was to make an assessment of the applicability of SHS-GC-FID analysis of fennel fruit volatile components where several grams of plant material are available and compare the results with the standard method of hydrodistillation and GC analysis of the essential oil. So, the isolated essential oil was primarily analyzed on a 100 m SP2560 capillary column (GC-FID) by a previously developed method [20] and the results are given in Table 2. To obtain complementary data concerning chemical composition of volatile components it is advisable to perform the analysis on a column with different polarity.…”

Section: Essential Oil Composition Of Fennel Fruits With Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Gudi et al [19] has shown that it is possible to discriminate the fennel chemotypesby application of IR and Raman spectroscopy. As far as sweet fennel fruits are concerned, most of the studies have shown that the main compounds in the essential oil are trans-anethole, estragole, fenchone and limonene, with transanethole as the dominant component (>75%) [1,13,14,20]. Other minor components of sweet fennel fruit essential oil include αpinene, β-pinene, myrcene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole and anisaldehyde.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in Volatile Compounds during Aging of Sweet Fennel Fruits-Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Static Headspace Sampling Methods

Najdoska-Bogdanov

Bogdanov

Стефова

2016

Natural Product Communications

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Two extraction methods for subsequent gas chromatographic (GC) determination of volatiles from freshly harvested and aged fennel fruit samples (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.,ssp. vulgare var. dulce) have been compared. Hydrodistillation followed by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis was used as a standard method for essential oil characterization, while static headspace followed by GC (SHS-GC-FID) was used as a comparative method for determination of volatile components. As the fennel fruit ages, there is a gradual loss of the volatile components as indicated by the lower yield of essential oil and lower content of volatiles, as indicated by the alternative SHS-GC-FID analysis. Slight differences observed for the main components (trans-anethole, estragole, fenchone, and limonene) using the two methods are negligible, indicating that these volatiles did not undergo chemical transformation during the sample preparation procedures. A difference in anisaldehyde content was observed when the composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil was compared with the SHS-GC-FIDanalysis of volatiles and explanation for the variation of anisaldehyde content and the origin of other compounds was suggested. Comparison of the obtained results showed that limonene oxides, carvone and carveolare detectable in SHS-GC-FID analysis of the aged fennel fruits, while in hydrodistilled samples analyzed by GC-FID they were not present. Another observed difference was the appearance of products in significant amounts with higher retention times than trans-anethole, namely threo-and erythro-anethole β-hydroxymethylether and anethole glycol that are not detectable in the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation. So, the relative abundance of the major components is comparable between these two methods for fennel seed up to 3 years from harvest and they can be used interchangeably depending on the purpose and amount of material. Furthermore, SHS-GC-FID can be used for assessment of maximum storage time and quality of fennel fruit suitable for human consumption.

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Section: Essential Oil Composition Of Fennel Fruits With Agingsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Essential Oil Composition Of Fennel Fruits With Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Volatile Compounds during Aging of Sweet Fennel Fruits-Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Static Headspace Sampling Methods

Najdoska-Bogdanov

Bogdanov

Стефова

2016

Natural Product Communications

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“…criteria. These results are in agreement with previous studies of cultivated fennel in Macedonia, which is characterized by high content (above 80 %) of trans-anethole and very low content of fenchone (less than 1 %) [39][40][41]. The chemical composition is quite similar to the data reported for sweet fennel fruit from Turkey [42,43] and Greece [44].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative study of essential oils from fennel fruits and anise fruits: Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity

Atanasova-Pancevska

Kungulovski

Najdoska-Bogdanov

et al. 2021

Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.

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Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) are well-known aromatic plants with traditional use as medicinal and culinary spices and herbs. As part of a broader study, the aim of this investigation was to determine the chemical composition of fennel fruit essential oil (Foeniculi fructus aetheroleum, FFA) and anise fruit essential oil (Anisi aetheroleum, AA) and to assess their antimicrobial potential. Hydrodistilled FFA from fruits gathered in central Macedonia was subjected to physico-chemical analysis, as well as commercial AA, which was obtained from a local vendor. The chemical composition of both essential oils was determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The main component of both essential oils was trans-anethole. The antimicrobial action of both essential oils (FFA and AA) was tested against several bacterial cultures and compared to standard antimicrobial agents. The microorganisms used in this research were Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus pumilus NCTC 8241, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538,), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027), and fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231). The microdilution test enabled determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all samples used in the experiment against all of the test microorganisms. It was concluded that FFA and AA have moderate antibacterial activity and affect the growth of the Gram positive and the Gram negative bacteria. On the other, they are potent antifungal agents and affect the growth of S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and C. albicans ATCC 10231. AA was observed to have a slightly higher antimicrobial activity when compared to FFA. Based on the chemical composition of the samples, a connection was proposed between the trans-anethole content of the essential oils and their antimicrobial properties.

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“…HPLC methods have also been reported in the estimation of TAL in rat plasma, human plasma and human urine [26][27][28]. Various GC methods with different detectors were also utilized in the estimation of TAL in different plant-based products [29][30][31][32][33][34]. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method has also been used for the quantitative analysis of TAL in fennel and anise seed essential oils [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Trans-Anethole in Essential Oil, Methanolic Extract and Commercial Formulations of Foeniculum vulgare Mill Using a Green RP-HPTLC-Densitometry Method

et al. 2020

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Due to the lack of ecofriendly/green reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) methods for trans-anethole (TAL) and its simplicity over routine analytical techniques, there was a necessity to establish a suitable HPTLC methodology for the quantitative analysis of TAL. Therefore, the first objective of this research was to develop an accurate, rapid and green RP-HPTLC densitometry methodology for the quantitative analysis of TAL in essential oil, traditional and ultrasound-assisted extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill and commercial formulations. The second objective was to compare the traditional method of extraction of TAL with its ultrasound-assisted method of extraction. The chromatogram of TAL from essential oil and traditional and ultrasound-assisted extracts of fennel and commercial formulations was verified by recoding its single spectra at Rf = 0.31 ± 0.01 in comparison to standard TAL. The proposed analytical methodology has been found to be superior in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision compared to most of the reported analytical methods for TAL analysis. The amount of TAL in the essential oil of fennel was recorded as 8.82 mg per g of oil. The content of TAL in traditional extracts of fennel, formulation 1 (dietary supplement 1) and formulation 2 (dietary supplement 2), was recorded as 6.44, 4.88 and 4.48 mg per g, respectively. The amount of TAL in ultrasound-assisted extracts of fennel, formulation 1 and formulation 2, was recorded as 8.34, 6.46 and 5.81 mg per g, respectively. The ultrasound method of extraction of TAL was found to be better than the traditional method of extraction. The results of validation studies and phytochemical analysis showed that the proposed methodology could be efficiently utilized for the quantification of TAL in the wide range of products having TAL as a component.

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Simultaneous Determination of Essential Oil Components and Fatty Acids in Fennel using Gas Chromatography with a Polar Capillary Column

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Changes in Volatile Compounds during Aging of Sweet Fennel Fruits-Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Static Headspace Sampling Methods

Changes in Volatile Compounds during Aging of Sweet Fennel Fruits-Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Static Headspace Sampling Methods

Comparative study of essential oils from fennel fruits and anise fruits: Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity

Determination of Trans-Anethole in Essential Oil, Methanolic Extract and Commercial Formulations of Foeniculum vulgare Mill Using a Green RP-HPTLC-Densitometry Method

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