Simultaneous Determination of Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) and Propylenebisdithiocarbamate (PBDC) Fungicides in Vegetables, Fruits, and Mushrooms by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Assessment of Antifungal Efficacy and Release Behavior of Fungicide-Loaded Chitosan-Carrageenan Nanoparticles against Phytopathogenic Fungi

“…Excessive use of mancozeb has continued in recent years, e.g., amounts higher than the maximum residue limits have been detected in tomatoes [ 27 ], kiwi and pears [ 28 ]. Li et al [ 29 ] reported 0.6–1.6 µg/kg and 0.8–2.5 µg/kg for mancozeb and propineb, respectively, in different vegetable food matrices. The present work was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that biodegradable and eco-friendly Chitosan-Carrageenan polymeric nanocomposite formation occurs due to the bond formed between chitosan’s positively charged amino groups and the anionic sulphate (SO 3 − ) and hydroxyl group of carrageenan, with charges neutralized by sodium tripolyphosphate.…”

Advances in the Detection of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides: Opportunities for Biosensors

“…As with many other pesticide classes, the most selective methods for the determination of DTFs are based on gas chromatography coupled with-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [ 6 ] and on reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled with optical, electrochemical, or mass-spectrometry detectors [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

“…The procedure was successfully applied for the determination of DTFs in beer and fruit juice. A similar approach but with derivatization to dimethyl derivatives was described by Li et al, who reported detection limits of 0.6–1.6μg/kg and 0.8–2.5 μg/kg for mancozeb and propineb, respectively, in different vegetable food matrices [ 9 ].…”

“…While the selective detection of relevant DTFs at sensitivities below those required for the ppm MRL established for foodstuffs has been reported for several applicable matrices [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], the main limitations to the use of chromatographic techniques in routine detection of DTFs remain the cost of equipment and the relative complexity of analysis. Despite advances made in the field of portable GC-MS and HPLC chromatographic devices [ 15 ], the base costs of this equipment remain important (~US $100,000 or more).…”

A novel validated simple derivatization liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection for the simultaneous determination of mancozeb, azoxystrobin and difenoconazole in pesticide dosage form

“…However, most of these methods are applicable either to mancozeb, azoxystrobin or difenoconazole in various pesticide formulations for foods, fruits or water samples. For the determination of mancozeb by iodometry, 12 square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV), 13,14 batch injection analysis (BIA) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode, 15 UV-spectrophotometry, 16–20 flow injection (FI) spectrophotometry, 21,22 photoacoustic and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 23,24 gas chromatography (GLC) with specific detectors such as an electron capture detector (ECD), flame atomic absorption spectroscopic detector (FAAS) and flame photometric detector (FPD), 25,26 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 27–35 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 36–42 and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) 43–49 methods have been reported. Similarly, various analytical methods for the quantification of azoxystrobin using UV-spectrophotometry, 50 flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL), 51 gas chromatography (GLC), 52–58 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 59–68 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 69–71 and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) 72–74 for single and multipesticide formulations were reported in literature.…”