Quorum sensing (QS) is a key regulator of virulence and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other medically relevant bacteria. Aqueous extracts of six plants, Conocarpus erectus, Chamaesyce hypericifolia, Callistemon viminalis, Bucida buceras, Tetrazygia bicolor, and Quercus virginiana, were examined in this study for their effects on P. aeruginosa virulence factors and the QS system. C. erectus, B. buceras, and C. viminalis caused a significant inhibition of LasA protease, LasB elastase, pyoverdin production, and biofilm formation. Additionally, each plant presented a distinct effect profile on the las and rhl QS genes and their respective signaling molecules, suggesting that different mechanisms are responsible for efficacy. Extracts of all plants caused the inhibition of QS genes and QS-controlled factors, with marginal effects on bacterial growth, suggesting that the quorum-quenching mechanisms are unrelated to static or cidal effects.Pneumonia due to microbial infections is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa hails as the leading pathogen among patients with cystic fibrosis, diffused panbronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16,29,37). In addition, P. aeruginosa remains one of the major causes of nosocomial infections (10). The success of this organism is largely due to the production of a myriad of virulence factors (including LasA protease, LasB elastase, pyoverdin, pyocyanin, and alginate) and its ability to form intractable biofilms (38).Expression of many of the virulence factors in P. aeruginosa is controlled by a quorum-sensing (QS) system (59), an intercellular communication scheme in which bacteria are able to detect the population density (via signaling molecules and receptors) and control gene expression accordingly (55). P. aeruginosa elaborates two main sets of QS systems: lasI-lasR and rhlI-rhlR (55). LasI and RhlI are synthetases that manufacture the autoinducer signaling molecules N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL) and N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (BHL), respectively. These molecules diffuse out into the environment, and when they reach a putative threshold concentration, they activate the receptors lasR and rhlR. These receptors, in turn, coordinate the regulation of pathogenicity. A third signal, the Pseudomonas quinolone signal, also plays an integral role in the QS system (50). This secondary metabolite of P. aeruginosa is incorporated into the QS hierarchy in times of cell stress (43). This intricate communication system of P. aeruginosa is mirrored in many gramnegative pathogenic bacteria, where it coordinates the regulation of virulence, including motility, biofilm formation, and toxin production (18,19,21,48,54).The misuse and abuse of antibiotics in pharmacotherapy have led to the development of widespread resistance in the target organism. The failure of existing antibiotics to control infection makes it crucial to find alternatives to currently available drugs. Since pathogenici...