Simultaneous determination of five synthetic antioxidants in edible vegetable oil by GC–MS

Abstract

A simple, quick and nontoxic analytical method for the simultaneous determination of five synthetic antioxidants [t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT), t-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), ethoxyquin (EQ) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenol (Ionox 100)] in edible vegetable oil has been developed. The analytes were extracted by ethanol, then separated and detected by GC-MS. Extraction conditions such as volume of ethanol required, mixing time and number of extractions were investigated and optimized by an orthogonal array experimental design. The five compounds behaved linearly in the 0.100 approximately 20.0 mg/L concentration range, and the limits of detection (LOD) for BHA, BHT, TBHQ, EQ and Ionox-100 were 1.00, 0.92, 11.5, 0.83 and 1.39 microg/L, respectively. The recoveries at the tested concentrations of 1.00, 20.0 and 100 mg/kg were 75.6 approximately 123%, with coefficients of variation<10.0%. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the five antioxidants in soybean oil, tea oil, edible blended oil, rap oil, peanut oil, peanut blended oil and sesame oil samples purchased from local supermarkets.

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of phenolic antioxidants in food using a boron-doped diamond electrode

“…Many methods for determining BHA and BHT individually or simultaneously have been recently reported, based on spectrophotometry (Capitan-Vallvey, Valencia, & Nicolas, 2004), liquid and gas chromatography (Guo, Xie, Yan, Wan, & Wu, 2006;Perrin & Meyer, 2002;Saad et al, 2007), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (Delgado-Zamarreno et al, 2007;Guan et al, 2006), and flow injection and HPLC with amperometric detection (Luque, Rios, & Valcarcel, 1999;Riber, de la Fuente, Vazquez, Tascon, & Batanero, 2000;Ruiz, Garcia-Moreno, Barbas, & Pingarron, 1999). But they are prone to many drawbacks, such as expensiveness, complicated and lengthy procedures, and unsuitability for field use.…”

Method validation and measurement uncertainty for the simultaneous determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils commonly consumed in Korea

“…Various analytical methods have been reported for the determination of SPAs in edible oils, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV, photodiode array detector (PDA) (Andrikopoulos, Brueschweiler, Felber, & Taeschler, 1991;Wang et al, 2012), liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS) (Xiu-Qin et al, 2009) gas chromatography (GC) (González, Gallego, & Valcárcel, 1999;Yang, Lin, & Choong, 2002), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Guo, Xie, Yan, Wan, & Wu, 2006), capillary electrophoresis (CE) (Jaworska, Szuliń ska, & Wilk, 2005), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (Ragazzi & Veronese, 1973). The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) official methods are based on the HPLC-UV determination of SPAs (AOAC official method 983.15, 1995;AOCS official method Ce 6-86, 1997).…”

In situ surface electrochemical co-reduction route towards controllable construction of AuNPs/ERGO electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous determination of BHA and TBHQ

“…To ensure the health of people, accurate and rapid determination of BHA and TBHQ is indispensable. Although conventional instrumental methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [18], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [19] and UV-visible spectrophotometry [20] have been used for the detection of antioxidants, they are always highly technical, cumbersome and time-consuming. Electrochemical sensors 8 offer a timely alternative for BHA and TBHQ detection because of their simplicity, feasibility for miniaturization, rapid and sensitive quantitative analysis [21,22].…”