Simultaneous Determination of Fluoride, Acetate, Formate, Chloride, Nitrate, and Sulfate in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages With Ion Chromatography/Conductivity Detector

Abstract

A novel method of ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection was developed for simultaneous determination of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in distilled alcoholic beverages. In this study, bromide was used as an internal standard. The separation of the anions was accomplished by utilizing an anion exchange column with a gradient eluent program. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: the suppressor current was 31 mA; the flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.25 mL min-1 ; the column and detector compartment temperatures were 35 °C and 40 °C, respectively; and the sample loop volume was 10 μL. All the calibration curves showed excellent linearity (r 2 ≥ 0.999). The limits of detection (LOD) values were between 0.56 and 13.2 μg L-1, while the limits of quantification (LOQ) values were between 1.80 and 43.9 μg L-1. A raki sample was spiked with standard solutions at three different concentration levels to evaluate the accuracy, and the average recoveries were found in the range of 94.90%-101.71%. Intra-day and inter-day precision studies were also investigated, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs %) were less than 5.99%. The validated method was applied to the three kinds of commercial samples: Turkish raki, vodka, and gin.