Simultaneous determination of four tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in mainstream smoke for Chinese Virginia cigarettes by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and validation under ISO and “Canadian intense” machine smoking regimes

Xiong, Wei; Hou, Hongwei; Jiang, Xingyi; Tang, Gangling; Hu, Qingyuan

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.011

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It demonstrates that, while some of the analyzed brands contained higher levels of NNN and NNK, the sum of these carcinogens in the smoke of 88% of the brands is <50 ng/cigarette. These results are consistent with the levels reported in a previous study that examined the smoke of 39 unspecified Chinese cigarette brands . For comparison, we recently reported that the sum of NNN and NNK in U.S. cigarettes ranged from 45 to 366 ng/cigarette, with 16 out of 17 brands containing these constituents at levels higher than 100 ng/cigarette .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes smoked by the participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study

Yershova

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Our recent studies on tobacco smoke carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers and cancer risk among male smokers in the Shanghai Cohort Study showed that exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is prospectively associated with the risk of cancer. These findings support the hypothesis that the smokers’ cancer risk is a function of the dose of select tobacco carcinogens and highlight the importance of understanding the factors that affect the intake of these carcinogens by smokers. Given that tobacco constituent exposures are driven, at least in part, by the levels of these constituents in cigarette smoke, we measured mainstream smoke TSNA and PAH levels in 43 Chinese cigarette brands that participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study reported to smoke. In all brands analyzed here, mainstream smoke levels of NNN and NNK, the two carcinogenic TSNA, were generally relatively low, averaging (±SD) 16.8(±25.1) and 14.2(±9.5) ng/cigarette, respectively. The levels of PAH were comparable to those found in U.S. cigarettes, averaging 15(±9) ng/cigarette for benzo[a]pyrene, 119(±66) ng/cigarette for phenanthrene, and 37(±19) ng/cigarette for pyrene. Our findings indicate that the generally low levels of NNN and NNK are most likely responsible for the relatively low levels of the corresponding biomarkers in the urine of the Shanghai Cohort Study participants as compared to those found in the U.S. smokers, supporting the role of the levels of these constituents in cigarette smoke in smokers’ exposures. Our findings also suggest that, in addition to smoking, other sources contribute to Chinese smokers’ exposure to PAH.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes smoked by the participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study

Yershova

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…When all 3 urinary biomarkers were examined simultaneously together with smoking intensity and duration, the association of urinary total NNAL with lung cancer risk was weaker than those for total cotinine and PheT. The weaker association of urinary total NNAL could be due, at least in part, to the relatively low levels of NNK in the smoke of cigarettes used in Shanghai and consequently low levels of urinary total NNAL in this study population (40). The geometric mean of urinary total NNAL among controls of this study was 0.20 pmol/mg creatinine, significantly lower than that of smokers in Singapore (0.66 pmol/mg creatinine) and in the United States (1.36 pmol/mg creatinine; refs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Urinary Levels of Cigarette Smoke Constituent Metabolites Are Prospectively Associated with Lung Cancer Development in Smokers

et al. 2011

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are believed to be among the principal causative agents for lung cancer in smokers, but no epidemiologic studies have evaluated the relationship of PAH uptake and metabolism to lung cancer. In this study, we quantified prediagnostic urinary levels of r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-phenanthrene (PheT), a validated biomarker of PAH uptake and metabolism, as well as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), and cotinine and its glucuronides (total cotinine), validated biomarkers of uptake of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, and nicotine, respectively, in relation to lung cancer risk among current smokers in a nested case–control study within a cohort of 18,244 Chinese men in Shanghai, China. Urinary levels of PheT, total NNAL, and total cotinine were significantly higher in cases than controls (N = 476 matched pairs). ORs (95% confidence intervals) for lung cancer in the second, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles of PheT were 1.70 (1.00–2.88), 1.07 (0.62–1.84), 1.48 (0.86–2.53), and 2.34 (1.33–4.11), respectively, relative to the lowest quartile (Ptrend = 0.023) after adjustment for self-reported smoking intensity and duration and urinary total NNAL and total cotinine. This study also confirmed that urinary total NNAL and total cotinine are independently related to lung cancer risk.

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“…3-6, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] We report here a sampling method for the determination of TSNAs in aerosols from E-cigarettes. It has also been adapted to give a high sensitivity and has been used as a reproducible method for a number of years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a gas-tight syringe sampling method for the determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in E-cigarette aerosols by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Cho

Shin

2015

Anal. Methods

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We report here a sampling method using a gas-tight syringe (GTS) in the determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in aerosols from electronic cigarettes. The method is based on extraction with a solvent at the same time as the aerosol is introduced into a GTS. The analytes were dissolved in the solvent after it had been injected into the GTS and the extract was then directly injected into a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. The optimum extraction conditions for the TSNAs were: solvent, methylene chloride; volume, 10 mL; and shaking time, 3 min. The proposed GTS method was compared with conventional impinger methods. The GTS method showed good recoveries of 98-103% with a small relative standard deviation of 2%. The amounts of TSNAs per 50 mL puff were 3.5-45.5 pg for N 0 -nitrosonornicotine, 3.5-759.5 pg for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, 3.5-164.5 pg for N 0 -nitrosoanabasine, and 3.5-612.5 pg for N 0 -nitrosoanatabine in the aerosols from 50 brands of electronic cigarettes from 11 different companies purchased in Korean shops. When the developed method was applied to aerosols from electronic cigarettes using prepared replacement liquids containing TSNA precursors, no TSNA was observed. Therefore we suggest that the TSNAs were not formed during the operation of the electronic cigarettes. We used the same method to determine the concentrations of TSNAs in 10 conventional cigarettes produced by five different companies and purchased from shops in Korea. The total observed concentrations of TSNAs in the electronic cigarettes were about 100-fold lower than in the conventional cigarettes.

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Simultaneous determination of four tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in mainstream smoke for Chinese Virginia cigarettes by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and validation under ISO and “Canadian intense” machine smoking regimes

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes smoked by the participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study

Tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes smoked by the participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study

Urinary Levels of Cigarette Smoke Constituent Metabolites Are Prospectively Associated with Lung Cancer Development in Smokers

Use of a gas-tight syringe sampling method for the determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in E-cigarette aerosols by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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