Simultaneous determination of l-tryptophan impurities in meat products

Lee, Doo-Hee; Kim, Yang‐Hee; Baek, Mina; Heo, In Kyung; Shin, Yong-Uk

doi:10.1007/s00726-022-03215-8

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The concentrations of the following impurities, (S)‐2‐amino‐3‐(5‐hydroxy‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)propanoic acid (5‐hydroxytryptophan) (HTP), 2‐(3‐indoylmethyl)‐L‐tryptophan (IMT), 1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acid (MTCA), 3a‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,3a,8,8a‐hexahydropyrrolo‐[2,3‐b]‐indole‐2‐carboxylic acid (PIC), and 1,1′‐ethylidenebistryptophan (EBT), in animal samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) (Lee et al, 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine

Park,

Ko,

Han

et al. 2024

J of Applied Toxicology

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L‐tryptophan, an essential amino acid for physiological processes, metabolism, development, and growth of organisms, is widely utilized in animal nutrition and human health as a feed additive and nutritional supplement, respectively. Despite its known benefits, safety concerns have arisen due to an eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome (EMS) outbreak linked to L‐tryptophan consumed by humans. Extensive research has established that the EMS outbreak was caused by an L‐tryptophan product that contained certain impurities. Therefore, safety validations are imperative to endorse the use of L‐tryptophan as a supplement or a feed additive. This study was conducted in tertiary hybrid [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs to assess general toxicity and potential risks for EMS‐related symptoms associated with L‐tryptophan used as a feed additive. Our investigation elucidated the relationship between L‐tryptophan and EMS in swine. No mortalities or clinical signs were observed in any animals during the administration period, and the test substance did not induce toxic effects. Hematological analysis and histopathological examination revealed no changes in EMS‐related parameters, such as eosinophil counts, lung lesions, skin lesions, or muscle atrophy. Furthermore, no test substance‐related changes occurred in other general toxicological parameters. Through analyzing the tissues and organs of swine, most of the L‐tryptophan impurities that may cause EMS were not retained. Based on these findings, we concluded that incorporating L‐tryptophan and its impurities into the diet does not induce EMS in swine. Consequently, L‐tryptophan may be used as a feed additive throughout all growth stages of swine without safety concerns.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and 1,1 0 -ethylidenebistryptophan (EBT), in animal samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Lee et al, 2023).…”

Section: Analysis Of L-tryptophan Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine

Park,

Ko,

Han

et al. 2024

J of Applied Toxicology

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The levels of (S)‐2‐amino‐3‐(5‐hydroxy‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)propanoic acid (5‐hydroxytryptophan) (HTP), 1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acid (MTCA), 3a‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,3a,8,8a‐hexahydropyrrolo‐[2,3‐b]‐indole‐2‐carboxylic acid (PIC), and 1,1′‐ethylidenebistryptophan (EBT), and 2‐(3‐indoylmethyl)‐L‐tryptophan (IMT) in the chicken muscles were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) (Lee et al, 2023). All reagents used in the analysis were of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) grade and were used without further purification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and 1,1 0 -ethylidenebistryptophan (EBT), and 2-(3-indoylmethyl)-L-tryptophan (IMT) in the chicken muscles were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)(Lee et al, 2023). All reagents used in the analysis were of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) grade and were used without further purification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in broiler feed

Ko,

Park,

Lee

et al. 2023

J of Applied Toxicology

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L‐tryptophan has been utilized as a feed additive in animal nutrition to improve growth performance, as well as a dietary supplement to alleviate various emotional symptoms in humans. Despite its benefits, concerns regarding its safety arose following the outbreak of eosinophilia‐myalgia syndrome (EMS) among individuals who consumed L‐tryptophan. The causative material of EMS was determined to be not L‐tryptophan itself, but rather L‐tryptophan impurities resulting from a specific manufacturing process. To investigate the effect of L‐tryptophan and its impurities on humans who consume meat products derived from animals that were fed L‐tryptophan and its impurities, an animal study involving broiler chickens was conducted. The animals in test groups were fed diet containing 0.065%–0.073% of L‐tryptophan for 27 days. This study aimed to observe the occurrence of toxicological or EMS‐related symptoms and analyze the residues of L‐tryptophan impurities in meat products. The results indicated that there was no evidence of adverse effects associated with the test substance in the investigated parameters. Furthermore, most of the consumed EMS‐causing L‐tryptophan impurities did not remain in the meat of broiler chickens. Thus, this study demonstrated the safety of L‐tryptophan and some of its impurities as a feed additive.

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Simultaneous determination of l-tryptophan impurities in meat products

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in broiler feed

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