Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Ascorbic Acid and Codeine by Differential Pulse Voltammetry on the Aluminum Electrode Modified by Thin Layer of Palladium

Abstract

In the present work an aluminum electrode was modified with thin layer of metallic palladium. The ability of the electrode for electrooxidation and subsequent differential pulse voltammetric determination of paracetamol (PCT), ascorbic acid (AA) and codeine (CO) was evaluated. The results obtained indicated that a linear range from 0.1 -3 mM and a detection limit of 5 mM for both three compounds is accessible. The peak separation of AA, PCT and CO is more than 300 mV large enough, allowed simultaneous determination of these compounds. The proposed method was applied for determination of AA, PCT and CO in some real samples.

Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen and codeine based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with magnetic nanoparticles paste electrode

“…The detection limits(S/N= 3) were determined to be 0.03, 0.009 and 0.01 µmol L -1 for AA, AC, and CO, respectively. These were much lower than previously reported for the simultaneous detection of AA, AC, and CO [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The anodic peak currents of AA, AC, and CO were reduced to 97.7%, 98.5% and 97.3% of the initial responses, respectively, after 40 consecutive CV measurements in the same condition for one electrode.…”

“…The statistical analysis of the results was used to compare the two methods for their accuracy and precision using the Student's t-test and the variance ratio F-test, which revealed the potential applicability of the proposed method in biological and pharmaceutical samples. However, the practical application of previous methods is limited for pharmaceutical samples [27,28].In addition, common laboratory materials have been used to modify carbon paste electrode in our proposed method, while previous methods use palladium as an expensive material with a time consuming procedure, for electrode modification [27,28]. …”

“…Carbon Paste electrode modified with TiO 2 Nanoparticles [25] and graphene-CoFe 2 O 4 [26] were used for Simultaneous Determination of CO and AC in biological compounds. However, simultaneous determination of AA, AC, and CO has rarely been reported [27,28] in the literature. Table 1 shows comparisons of the proposed method and other electrochemical methods reported for the determination of AA, AC, and CO.…”

“…Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever [21]. Recently, several papers have introduced new modified electrodes for the determination of CO and/or CO plus AC [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Zen et al [22] used glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Nafion/ruthenium oxide pyrochlore to determine codeine in human plasma and drug formulation.…”

An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black

“…differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) or square‐wave voltammetry (SWV), have attracted great interest because they provide methods with high sensitivity and precision, and lower operational costs, as well as simplicity and rapidity. A few electroanalytical methods have been reported in the literature for the simultaneous determination of PCT and COD 39–43.…”