Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Caffeine in Tablets by Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Classical Least Square Method

Abstract

In this paper, the classical least-squares (CLS) method with molecular absorption spectrophotometric measurement was used to determine simultaneously paracetamol (PAR), ibuprofen (IBU), and caffeine (CAF) in tablets. The absorbance spectra of the standard solutions and samples were measured over a wavelength from 220 to 300 nm with a 0.5 nm step. The concentration of PAR, IBU, and CAF in the sample solutions was calculated by using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and a program called CLS-Excel written in Microsoft Excel 2016. The method and the CLS-Excel program were tested on mixed standard laboratory samples with different PAR, IBU, and CAF concentration ratios, and they showed only small errors and a satisfying repeatability. An analytical procedure for tablets containing PAR, IBU, and CAF was developed. The reliability of the procedure was proved via the recovery and repeatability of the analysis results with an actual tablet sample and by comparing the mean contents of active substances in the tablets obtained from the analytical procedure with the HPLC method. The procedure is simple with a reduced cost compared with the HPLC standard method.

تقنية كرموتوغرافيا السائل ذات الاداء العالي ذوالطور العكسي مع كاشف الاشعة الفوق البنفسجية لتقدير ادوية الايبو بروفين والتنوكسيكام في الصورة النقية و الاقراص الدوائية

“…Similar to TNX, IBU is also soluble in distilled water and organic solvents, such as ethanol 28 . The concentration of IBU was assessed with numerous techniques, including molecular absorption spectrophotometry 29 , in which the entire spectrum was employed in conjunction with the traditional least-squares method 30 , polarography 31 , spectrophotometry 32 , ultra-HPLC with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) 33 , gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) 34 , Raman spectroscopy 35 , spectrofluorometry 36 , FTIR 37 , UV-visible spectrophotometer 38 , HPLC 39 , NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 40 , reverse flow injection 41 , electrochemical analysis 42 , and NMR spectroscopy 43 .…”

Functionalization of graphene nanostructures with inorganic nanoparticles and their use for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in water

“…Synthesis of TiO 2 anatase NPs of ~4 nm has been performed following a previously reported method. (Tran et al, 2022). Briefly, NaOH 3 M and HCl 3 M solutions were prepared.…”

“…In this work, we designed a novel graphene-based hybrid material decorated with Fe 3 O 4 and TiO 2 NPs to effectively remove IBP and DCF present at environmental concentrations. The adsorption kinetics of IBP and DCP by GM hybrid nanostructures, whose rates depend much on the type of compound analyzed, its concentration, and the adsorbent used, were investigated via UV-Vis spectroscopy (Tran et al, 2022). Note that water purification at low pollutant concentrations is often more challenging than at higher concentrations, where physical and chemical approaches can be efficiently applied if the water is not significantly polluted and still holds some life (Marcon et al, 2021).…”

Polyglycine Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Ibuprofen Determination

“…Ibuprofen is one of the safest NSAIDs and is generally well tolerated but there are cases where it can cause clinically apparent and serious acute liver injury. [2] Ibuprofen was quantified in pharmaceutical formulations by various analytical methods such as chromatography, [3][4][5][6] spectroscopy, [7][8][9] chemiluminescence, [10] as well as flow injection methods with both electrochemical and spectroscopic detections. [11,12] The methods mentioned above are sensitive and selective, for some of them expensive instrumentation is utilized, and usually, complex sample preparation is needed.…”