Simultaneous Determination of Pesticides and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Water Samples by UHPLC–Quadrupole-Orbitrap HRMS Combined with On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction

Abstract

Pesticides and veterinary pharmaceuticals are used for effective crop production and prevention of livestock diseases; these chemicals are released into the environment via various pathways. Although the chemicals are typically present in trace amounts post-release, they could disturb aquatic ecosystems and public health through resistance development toward drugs or diseases, e.g., reproductive disorders. Thus, the residues of pesticides and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment must be managed and monitored. To that end, we developed a simultaneous analysis method for 41 target chemicals in environmental water samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) coupled with an on-line solid-phase extraction system. Calibration curves for determining linearity were constructed for 10–750 ng∙L−1, and the coefficient of determination for each chemical exceeded 0.99. The method’s detection and quantitation limits were 0.32–1.72 ng∙L−1 and 1.02–5.47 ng∙L−1, respectively. The on-line solid-phase extraction system exhibited excellent method reproducibility and reduced experimental error. As the proposed method is applicable to the monitoring of pesticides and veterinary pharmaceuticals in surface water and groundwater samples acquired near agricultural areas, it allows for the management of chemicals released into the environment.

A Study of the Photodegradation Carbofuran and its Metabolites in Paddy Water Samples

“…The method's accuracy was determined by calculating carbofuran, carbofuran-phenol, and 3-keto carbofuran recovery rates at a few fortification levels as per the Lee et al (2020) and Ripp (1996) method. The procedures were repeated three times for each blank sample in the recovery study.…”

Ultrasound assisted fabrication of InVO4/In2S3 heterostructure for enhanced sonophotocatalytic degradation of pesticides

“…Hence, treating pesticides and their residues is highly appreciated. Several reports are available in the literature for the treatment of CBF and DZN using techniques like adsorption, electrocoagulation, membrane technology, and photocatalysis [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] . Among all these, photocatalysis is a feasible and effective technique for the treatment of hazardous organic molecules since it not only removes pollutants but also mineralizes them into carbon dioxide and water [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] .…”