Simultaneous determination of seven anthraquinones in Cassiae semen by natural deep eutectic solvent extraction

Abstract

Introduction: Anthraquinones are considered to be an important class of bioactive substances in Cassiae semen, and the content of anthraquinones is an essential indicator of the quality of Cassiae semen raw herbal materials. Objectives: The present study aimed to propose a novel, efficient and effective ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of aurantio-obtusin, aloe-emodin, rhein, obtusin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion, with the help of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as extraction solvents. Methodology: NADESs were introduced to the simultaneous extraction of anthraquinones from Cassiae semen samples. Several NADESs were designed by menthol, choline chloride, D-glucose as hydrogen bond acceptors, with nine different acids and appropriate water as hydrogen bond donors. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of seven anthraquinones were demonstrated in detail.Results: Among the obtained NADESs, the highest extraction efficiency was demonstrated by a solution consisting of D-glucose, lactic acid and water with a molar ratio of 1:5:4. The seven anthraquinones were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC ® BEH C 18 column (2.1 mm  100 mm, 1.8 μm) and detected within 12 min by a photodiode array (PDA) detector at 254 and 284 nm. The limits of detection and quantitation were from 1.00 to 7.26 μg/l and 3.29 to 24.22 μg/l, respectively. And Cassiae semen sample-based recoveries ranged from 81.13% to 113.78% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 6) of 1.4% to 10.1%. Conclusion:The developed method demonstrated that NADESs were applied successfully to analyse the anthraquinones in Cassiae semen samples collected from different regions in China.

HPLC-UV Analysis of Chrysophanol in Senna occidentalis Extract Obtained by Using the RSM-Optimized Ultrasonic Extraction Process

“…Furthermo proven to be effective against damaged liver (caused by heavy alcohol consumpti retinal degeneration [8]. It has been analyzed by using high pressure liquid chro raphy (HPLC) method in Ganweiqitong tablets [9], Polygoni multiflora roots [10], R alpinus bark [11], and Cassiae semen [12]. Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatograp ple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-TQMS) [13], and gas chromatograph spectroscopy (GC-MS) [14] techniques were used to analyze it in rat plasma.…”