Simultaneous Determination of Sulfonamides Antibiotics in Environmental Water and Seafood Samples Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The residues and abuse of antibiotics have seriously endangered ecological balance and human health; meanwhile, antibiotics determination is very difficult because of their low levels and multiple categories in complicated matrices. Appropriate sample pretreatment is usually imperative to enrich (ultra)trace antibiotics and eliminate matrix interference prior to chromatographic analysis. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has become an ideal pretreatment technique owing to its simplicity, effectiveness, low-consumption, etc. In this work, an ultrasonic-assisted DLLME (UA-DLLME) was developed for the simultaneous extraction of seven sulfonamides (SAs) antibiotics in environmental water and seafood samples coupled with HPLC-DAD determination. Several parameters affecting UA-DLLME efficiency were systematically optimized, and consequently the SAs were separated and detected within 14.5 min. The obtained limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.7–7.8 μg/L and 2.4–26.0 μg/L for three water samples (seawater, aquaculture wastewater and lake water) and two seafood samples (pomfrets and shrimps). High recoveries (80.0–116.0%) with low relative standard deviations (0.1–8.1%) were achieved for all the tested samples at three spiked levels. Notably, sulfadimethoxine was found at 24.49 μg/L in one seawater sample. The facile, robust and benign DLLME-HPLC method demonstrated promising perspectives for multiresidue analysis of antibiotics.

HPLC-FLD determination of aflatoxins M1 and M2 in raw cow milk samples using in-syringe gas-controlled density tunable solidification of a floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method

“…The matrix effect (ME%) values were obtained in the range between −20% and +20%, and therefore it can be regarded as insignificant based on the SANTE guidelines. 25 …”

“…Zinc sulfate was employed to precipitate the proteins. For this purpose, various concentrations (10,15,20,25, and 30%, w/v) of zinc sulfate were employed in the extraction process. Based on the data in Fig.…”

Recent Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Antibiotic Analysis

“…However, long-term overuse will lead to incomplete degradation, leaving SAs vulnerable to human health risks as residual components in wastewater and entering the environment through farm and municipal wastewater [10,121]. Therefore, it is necessary to establish rapid and effective methods for the extraction and enrichment of trace SAs residues in complex samples [122].…”

Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry—A Rapid and Accurate Method for Detecting 10 Macrolide Residues in Aquatic Products

“…The time consumed by sample pre-treatment usually accounts for more than two-thirds of the whole analytical cycle, which is the key to obtaining accurate results. At present, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ] are the main pre-treatment and purification methods for determining antibiotic residues in biological samples. SPE removes impurities quickly and effectively and uses fewer organic solvents compared to LLE [ 18 ].…”