Simultaneous determination of tin and lead at the parts-per-billion level by coupling differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with a matrix exchange method

Desimoni, E.; Palmisano, Francesco; Sabbatini, Luigia

doi:10.1021/ac50062a026

Cited by 35 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…0.24 V. This fact implies that any deposition process taking place at higher potentials is an underpotential deposition (UPD) process. 77,78 As can be observed in Figure 1B, the onset for As deposition is higher than this value for all the surfaces. However, clear peaks related to the As UPD deposition are only observed for Au(110) electrodes has been observed and utilized by other researchers for electrochemical As detection and formation of gallium arsenic (GaAs) layers.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Increased Sensitivity and Selectivity for As(III) Detection at the Au(111) Surface: Single Crystals and Ultraflat Thin Films Comparison

et al. 2022

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Electrochemical stripping voltammetry electroanalysis sensitivity and selectivity are oftentimes limited by wide variance in analyte electrode surface adsorption and desorption energies. The use of highly oriented Au(111) single crystal and thin film surfaces is shown to decrease this variance and improve detection for arsenic (As) in water. Cyclic voltammetry and linear stripping voltammetry (LSV) analysis on Au oriented and polyoriented electrode surfaces demonstrated that As deposition and oxidation is a complex surface-structure-dependent process. An electrochemical quartz microbalance indicated that As is deposited in multiple layers when in high concentrations and does not permanently reorganize the Au surface after stripping. LSV analysis of As(III) on the Au(111), Au(110), Au(100), and Au polyoriented single crystal, Au(Poly), model electrode surfaces showed that Au(111) had the highest peak to background ratio and narrowest peak width for As oxidative stripping. Furthermore, an ultraflat Au(111) thin film, Au(UTF), was then compared to the Au(111) and Au(Poly) single crystals and showed a bulk Au(111) single crystal-like response. The Au(UTF) was then used to perform a calibration curve to detect between 2.5 and 100 μg L–1 As(III) and resulted in a theoretical limit of detection of 0.0065 μg L–1 in 0.5 M H2SO4. The results from this study indicate that the Au(UTF) surface provides the sensitivity necessary for detection of trace concentrations of As in water at or below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 μg L–1.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Increased Sensitivity and Selectivity for As(III) Detection at the Au(111) Surface: Single Crystals and Ultraflat Thin Films Comparison

et al. 2022

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“…No distinct response was evident for the reduction of tin(IV) in the absence of the complexing agent. However, the addition of as little as 1 x 105M of catechol resulted in two well resolved stripping peaks which are associated with the established two-step reduction process [5][6][7][8][9][10]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these are various electroanalytical techniques such as do polarography, ac polarography, differential pulse polarography, and variants of anodic stripping voltammetry. Of these, the anodic stripping voltammetric techniques are suited for the determination of trace amounts of tin because of the added preconcentration of the analyze on the working electrode.A major difficulty in the determination of tin by anodic stripping voltammetry and polarography is caused by the interference of lead, which often results in an overlap of the tin response [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The perfect superimposition of the lead response on that of tin in most electrolytes is generally known to result in serious positive errors.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adsorptive Voltammetric Stripping Analysis of Ultra-Trace Amounts of Tin in Natural Waters and Sediments

Adeloju

1991

Anal. Sci.

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-A voltammetric method based on the adsorption of tin(IV)-catechol complex on a hanging mercury drop electrode is described for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of tin in environmental samples. The interfacial accumulation of the analyte and the use of differential pulse voltammetry during the reduction step provide substantial gains in the sensitivity and permit selective determination of tin in the presence of other elements. Optimal conditions for this method are pH 4.2,1 x 10~M catechol, and accumulation with stirring at 0.0V versus Ag/AgCI. The detection limit based on the use of the tin peak which occurred at -0.3V versus Ag/AgCI was 5ng/L for an accumulation period of 180s and the relative standard deviation at 50ng/L was 2.2%. The successful application of the method to tin determination in water and sediment samples is reported. Keywords -tin, catechol, adsorptive voltammetry, natural waters, sedimentsTin is one of the few elements that are known to be essential at trace levels to man, animals, and plants for a range of metabolic processes [1,2]. However concern about its toxicity has been growing in recent times owing to its widespread use in various organic forms for wood preservation, in food packaging, as stabiliser for poly(vinyl chloride), as fungicides or pesticides, as catalysts, in veterinary formulations, and as antifouling agents [3,4]. As viable antifouling agents, the organotin compounds function by releasing poisonous chemicals to the marine organisms at a slow but steady rate, thereby preventing their attachment to the ship's hull. The released organotin compounds may be ultimately degraded by the progressive removal of the organic groups as follows [4] :R4Sn ---. R3SnX -r--. R2SnX2 --. RSnX3 -.SnX4 where X = C1-,1-, Br-, etc.Although the amount of the organotin released to the marine environment by the use of antifouling coatings may seem insignificant, their growing use may result in more serious environmental and toxicological problems. Consequently, this has led to the development of numerous analytical methods for the determination of tin in various environmental materials. Among these are various electroanalytical techniques such as do polarography, ac polarography, differential pulse polarography, and variants of anodic stripping voltammetry. Of these, the anodic stripping voltammetric techniques are suited for the determination of trace amounts of tin because of the added preconcentration of the analyze on the working electrode.A major difficulty in the determination of tin by anodic stripping voltammetry and polarography is caused by the interference of lead, which often results in an overlap of the tin response [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The perfect superimposition of the lead response on that of tin in most electrolytes is generally known to result in serious positive errors. Several schemes have therefore been proposed for overcoming the lead interference in the anodic stripping voltammetric or polarographic determination of tin. Most of these schemes are somewhat c...

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“…The exchange to a clean optimised stripping electrolyte has been shown to be able to eliminate these problems. Similarly, Interferences from co-accumulated metals have been minimised by the addition of a suitable complexing agent to the stripping media [83][84][85].…”

Section: Medium Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Screen-printed Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Monitoring Metal Pollutants

Honeychurch¹

2012

Insciences J.

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Abstract:The present review (with 231 references) focuses on developments made in the area of screen-printed biosensors and sensors for the determination of metal ions in industrial, environmental and biomedical applications. The year 2012 represents the twentieth anniversary of the first reported application of screen-printed electrodes for the determination of metal ions. Focus is placed on fabrication techniques, operating details and performance characteristics for the selected applications. The greater proportion of articles have utilised the technique of stripping voltammetry, gaining detection limits in the low ng/mL (ppb) region. An increasing percentage of these have explored bismuth as an alternative to mercury for the modification of the carbon electrode surface. However, a steady number of applications have shown the possibility of utilising the unmodified screen-printed carbon, gold or silver electrode surface. More recently the alternative approach of electrochemical biosensors has become a growing area. The majority of these have exploited the inhabitation metal ions exhibit on the enzyme activity of urease, acetylcholinesterase and glucose oxidase gaining detection limits in the sub µg/mL region, however recent applications utilising thiol-functionalised oligonucleotides have been shown the possibility of gaining detection limits as low as 120 ng/L for Hg .

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Simultaneous determination of tin and lead at the parts-per-billion level by coupling differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with a matrix exchange method

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Increased Sensitivity and Selectivity for As(III) Detection at the Au(111) Surface: Single Crystals and Ultraflat Thin Films Comparison

Increased Sensitivity and Selectivity for As(III) Detection at the Au(111) Surface: Single Crystals and Ultraflat Thin Films Comparison

Adsorptive Voltammetric Stripping Analysis of Ultra-Trace Amounts of Tin in Natural Waters and Sediments

Screen-printed Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Monitoring Metal Pollutants

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