Simultaneous determination of trace level riot control agents in environmental water by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector

Abstract

In this paper, a direct immersion solid‐phase microextraction procedure for the simultaneous analyses of four primary riot control agents: 2‐chloroacetophenone, o‐chlorobenzylidene malonitrile, dibenz(b,f)‐1,4‐oxazepine, and oleoresin capsicum at μg/L concentration from environmental water was developed. Several parameters that influence the extraction effectiveness were investigated, including fiber type, extraction temperature, extraction time, starring rate, and salinity. Under the recommended conditions, the optimized method had reasonable linearity and accuracy. The average recovery of this method ranged from 84 to 108.1%. The limit of detection for all the analytes ranged from 0.2 to 3 μg/L and the limit of quantification ranged from 1 to 10 μg/L, respectively. A relative standard deviation from 3.0 to 4.3% can be achieved depending on the compounds. The procedure was applied to analyze all the four riot control agents simultaneously in several environmental samples.

Experimental study of the adsorption of 2-Chloroacetophenone at the air-environmental water interface

“…The concentration of CN in aqueous phase was determined using the same fiber. In the previous work, the effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, stirring speed, salinity, and resolution time on the extraction effect were investigated (Hao et al, 2022). The best extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 40 °C, extraction time 30 min, stirring speed 1500 r/min, NaCl 2 mol/L, and resolution time 2 min.…”

Status and Outlook of Oil Field Chemistry-Assisted Analysis during the Energy Transition Period

“…The GC-MS-based method is frequently used to identify different components in crude oil. 36 The flame ionization detector (FID) is commonly coupled with GC on organic matter combustion; 37 the ion signal is drawn against the combustion time, 38,39 with the signal's magnitude proportional to the associated concentration in the compound. 40,41 Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) has high resolving power 42 with an additional column to improve the analysis.…”