Simultaneous Distributed Acoustic and Temperature Sensing Using a Multimode Fiber

Mao, Yuan; Ashry, Islam; Hveding, Frode; Bukhamsin, Ahmed; Hong, Yuxi; Ng, Tien Khee; Ooi, Boon S.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2020.2964398

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Consequently, high power is required to be launched into the optical fiber to obtain a reasonable SNR for the DTS system. Hence, MMF is the preferred platform for the Raman-based DTS as the standard MMF has a large effective area and a high threshold power of nonlinearity that can support the needed high injected pump power, without degrading the performance of the DTS system [80]. In contrast, since the DAS operation depends on the coherent interference of Rayleigh signals that are reflected by scattering centers along the fiber, the MMF typically produces significant noises in DAS systems.…”

Section: Hybrid Das-dts System Using a Mmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the standard MMF supports propagating a large number of modes and each mode has its own interference signature; consequently, the modes produce a resultant Rayleigh signal almost independent of vibration. As a result, MMF and SMF are ideal for DTS and DAS, respectively [80].…”

Section: Hybrid Das-dts System Using a Mmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vibration locations and frequencies, and temperature profile are simultaneously measured on-site along a standard MMF deployed in an oil well. We published the detailed design of the hybrid sensing system and its calibration process in a laboratory environment in [80], [81].…”

Section: Hybrid Das-dts System Using a Mmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of Distributed Fiber–Optic Sensing in the Oil and Gas Industry

Ashry

Mao

Wang

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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115

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Fiber-optic sensors have been widely deployed in various applications, and their use has gradually increased since the 1980s. Distributed fiber-optic sensors, which enable continuous and real-time measurements along the entire length of an optical fiber cable, have undergone significant improvements in underlying industries. In the oil and gas industry, distributed fiberoptic sensors can provide significantly valuable information throughout the life cycle of a well and can monitor pipelines transporting hydrocarbons over great distances. Here, we review the deployment of fiber-optic Rayleighbased distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), Raman-based distributed temperature sensing (DTS), and Brillouin-based distributed temperature and strain sensing (DTSS) in the oil and gas industry. In particular, we describe the operation principle and basic experimental setups of the DAS, DTS, and DTSS, highlighting their applications in the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors of the oil and gas industry. We further developed a prototype of a fiber-optic hybrid DAS-DTS system that simultaneously measures vibration and temperature along a multimode fiber (MMF). The reported hybrid sensing system was tested in an operational oil well. This work also discusses the challenges that might hinder the growth of the distributed fiber-optic sensing market in the petroleum industry, and we further point out the future directions of related research.

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Section: Hybrid Das-dts System Using a Mmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Das-dts System Using a Mmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Distributed Fiber–Optic Sensing in the Oil and Gas Industry

Ashry

Mao

Wang

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

Self Cite

115

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show abstract

“…Since the Raman signal is very weak (60-70 dB weaker than the input pump power) [39], high power is required to be launched into the optical fiber in order to have a reasonable SNR. Consequently, to avoid exceeding the fiber's threshold power of nonlinearity, MMF is the preferred platform for the Raman-based temperature sensors [40]. Installing SMF and MMF to offer a hybrid temperature-strain sensor increases the system complexity and cost.…”

Section: Various Reactions Of Spatial Modes To External Parametementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Using Few-Mode Fibers for Optical Sensing

et al. 2020

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The development of few-mode fiber (FMF) has found numerous interesting applications in optical sensing. Given the remarkable capabilities of FMF, optical sensors of novel functionalities can be deployed. Here, we review the progress on state-of-the-art technology for FMF-based optical sensing. In particular, we focus on utilizing FMF for multi-parameter and absorption-based sensing. Additionally, we summarize the trials of using FMF as a compromise between single-mode fiber (SMF) and multimode fiber (MMF) to develop optical sensors of higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution. A final discussion on the main limitations of FMF-based sensors along with prospects for further research are presented.

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“…For example, along a fiber under test (FUT), OTDR can locate faults and measure attenuation. Besides, OTDR has been included in many distributed fiber optic sensing systems [2]. In particular, OTDR-based distributed fiber optic sensors can monitor temperature [3], vibration [4], pressure [5], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the OTDR dead-zone using a few-mode fiber

Ashry

Mao

Wang

et al. 2021

Photonic Instrumentation Engineering VIII

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Optical-time-domain-reflectometer (OTDR) suffers from the existence of dead-zones along a deployed fiber under test (FUT). Within a dead-zone, OTDR typically fails to provide any reliable diagnostic information. We here use a fewmode fiber (FMF) to completely cancel the OTDR dead-zone produced by the front facet reflection of the FUT. In particular, we launch the optical pulses in the form of the LP01 mode into the FMF, and meanwhile we record the Rayleigh signal from the higher-order modes. The developed system successfully monitors the amplitude and frequency of a vibration event produced by a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) located within the dead-zone.

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Simultaneous Distributed Acoustic and Temperature Sensing Using a Multimode Fiber

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

A Review of Distributed Fiber–Optic Sensing in the Oil and Gas Industry

A Review of Distributed Fiber–Optic Sensing in the Oil and Gas Industry

A Review of Using Few-Mode Fibers for Optical Sensing

Overcoming the OTDR dead-zone using a few-mode fiber

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