Simultaneous electrochemical determination of arsenic, copper, lead and mercury in unpolluted fresh waters using a vibrating gold microwire electrode

Electroanalysis in environmental monitoring: Tracking trace metals—A mini review

“…An initially excellent performance of Au microwire with LOD of 6 and 25 pM for Hg and Cu in model solutions [32] was further improved by using it as a vibrating Au microwire electrode (VGME) [33]. Microwire electrodes of different sizes (5, 10 or 25 µm) were used for determination of traces of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg, As, Sb in various environmental samples [19,[34][35][36][37]. Using VGME with optimized voltammetric procedure (LOD below 0.1 nM), Salaün et al were able to measure As(III) and Sb(III) at nM level in seawater samples [38].…”

Effect of KNO3 to remove silver interferences in the determination of mercury(II): Application in milk and breast milk samples

“…It should, however, be pointed out that even though the DL obtained in the present study are comparable to the values obtained in the literature. However, it was slightly less sensitive than those obtained by, vibrating gold microwire electrode (3.5 Â 10 À10 mol L À1 ) [14], electrode modified with a novel ion imprinted polymeric (5.0 Â 10 À9 mol L À1 ) [28], carbon nanotubes paste electrode modified with crosslinked chitosan (2.4 Â 10 À9 mol L À1 ) [29], glassy carbon electrode modified by gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes (3.0 Â 10 À10 mol L À1 ) [30] and is near than those obtained with carbon paste electrode (4.1 Â 10 À8 mol L À1 ) [20].…”

“…The peak potentials were swapped regarding their position on the (RSE) electrode. The Cu(II) interferences can be removed by separating the two peaks of mercury(II) and copper(II) using the mixture of 0.1 mol L À1 HCl, 0.2 mol L À1 KNO 3 and 0.5 mol L À1 NaCl as supporting electrolyte [14].…”

“…They are attractive for the determination of trace heavy metals because of the low cost associated with them, the short analysis time, the low power consumption and the ease of use, without compromise the speed of analysis and the sensitivity or reliability of the measures [11][12][13]. In literature, different electroanalytical approaches for mercury determination were studied [14,15]; they are mainly based in the anodic stripping voltammetry technique and the employing of gold as the best material for the http working electrodes, due to its high affinity for mercury, which enhances the preconcentration effect [16][17][18][19].…”

A semiautomatic system for soluble lead and copper monitoring in atmospheric deposition by coupling of passive elemental fractionation sampling and voltammetric measurement on screen-printed gold electrodes

“…Standard deviations of the slope and the intercept were 0.0019 μA mL ng −1 and 0.1434 μA for Cu(II), whereas the values for Pb(II) were 0.0024 μA mL ng − 1 and 0.1121 μA respectively. The detection limits, calculated according to the Long-Winefordner criteria, were 7.3 and 15.1 ng mL −1 for Cu(II) and Pb(II) respectively, with a deposition time of 60 s. These are somewhat higher than the values reported in the literature for Cu(II) and Pb(II) determination on rotating disk gold electrodes by Bonfil et al [32] or rotating gold microwire electrodes by Alves et al [33], but still suitable for determination of Cu(II) and Pb(II) within environmental monitoring activities. The lower sensitivity of the screen-printed supports is compensated by the flexibility operation and the easy and cheap electrode replacement.…”