Simultaneous electrochemical determination of cadmium(II), lead(II), and mercury(II) ions in water and food samples using N¹‐hydroxy‐N¹,N²‐diphenylbenzamidine and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes modified carbon paste electrode

Abstract

A novel modified carbon paste electrode has been developed using a laboratory synthesized metal chelating ligand (L), N1‐hydroxy‐N1,N2‐diphenylbenzamidine (HDPBA) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite (L‐MWCNTs/CPE). The developed modified electrode was applied for selective and sensitive simultaneous electrochemical determination of cadmium(II), lead(II), and mercury(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The accumulation of metal ions on the electrode surface was performed in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (ABS, pH 5.0) by applying a potential of–1.10 V versus Ag/AgCl for 210 s, followed by stripping in the positive potential scan of the SWASV after a rest time of 10 s. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear dynamic ranges were found to be 2×10−4–2, 1×10−4–2 and 2×10−3–2 μM of cadmium(II), lead(II), and mercury(II), respectively, with the detection limits (LODs) of 2.5×10−2, 7.8×10−3 and 4.6×10−1 nM for cadmium(II), lead(II), and mercury(II), respectively. The proposed electrode exhibited high sensitivity for the determination of these metal ions with excellent reproducibility and stability. The influence of several ions on the simultaneous determination of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) was studied, and the prepared electrode was found to be highly selective for the detection of the three metal ions. The developed electrode was effectively applied to the determination of the three metal ions in water, vegetable and tobacco samples, and the obtained results were similar to those measured with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).

Determination of Major and Trace Metals in Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) Samples Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Assessment of the Associated Public Health Risks

“…Te consumption of heavy metal-contaminated food items (such as date palm fruits) could pose several health risks to humans, including kidney and liver damage, depletion of immunological defenses and intrauterine growth, psychosocial dysfunctions, anemia, damage to the skin, teeth, and central nervous system, muscular cramps, diseases associated with malnutrition, high blood pressure, and carcinogenic disease. [20][21][22][23].…”

Enhanced Cadmium Sensing in Fertilizer Samples using Zeolite-modified Graphite Electrode

“…1 Among the most harmful are lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd), which exhibit remarkable stability and extreme toxicity at low concentrations. 2,3 Moreover, these elements have a strong tendency to accumulate within living organisms, biological systems, and extensive metabolic pathways, resulting in skin lesions, lung cancer, mental disorders, and other health issues. 4,5 Over time, these metals have been released into the environment due to various human activities, such as technological advancements, agricultural practices, and waste disposal methods.…”