Abstract:Conventional block regressors can be used to identify neuronal circuitry associated with a specific motor task, whereas r-EMG regressors can help identify brain activation directly related to involuntary movements. Simultaneous EMG-fMRI is complementary to conventional fMRI and will facilitate studies of hyperkinetic movement disorders.
“…4). Post hoc independent t tests revealed significantly decreased TCV in FCMTE patients compared to controls ( t [45] = 3.66, P = 0.001) and ET patients ( t [51] = 4.4, P < 0.001).Fig. 4
Study 3 —total cerebellar volume.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We have included nine additional ET patients, matched to eight FCMTE patients, and nine healthy controls for study 2 , who have been scanned and described in previous reports [39, 45]. See Table 1 for full subject characteristics.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For study 2 , high-resolution anatomical T1 3D Fast Field Echo (FFE) images were obtained with the same spatial resolution (for details, see van Rootselaar et al [45]). Foam padding was used to minimize head motion during scanning.…”
Essential tremor (ET) presumably has a cerebellar origin. Imaging studies showed various cerebellar and also cortical structural changes. A number of pathology studies indicated cerebellar Purkinje cell pathology. ET is a heterogeneous disorder, possibly indicating different underlying disease mechanisms. Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE), with evident Purkinje cell degeneration, can be an ET mimic. Here, we investigate whole brain and, more specifically, cerebellar morphological changes in hereditary ET, FCMTE, and healthy controls. Anatomical magnetic resonance images were preprocessed using voxel-based morphometry. Study 1 included voxel-wise comparisons of 36 familial, propranolol-sensitive ET patients, with subgroup analysis on age at onset and head tremor, and 30 healthy controls. Study 2 included voxel-wise comparisons in another nine ET patients, eight FCMTE patients, and nine healthy controls. Study 3 compared total cerebellar volume between 45 ET patients, 8 FCTME patients, and 39 controls. In our large sample of selected hereditary ET patients and ET subgroups, no local atrophy was observed compared to healthy controls or FCMTE. In ET patients with head tremor, a volume increase in cortical motor regions was observed. In FCMTE, a decrease in total cerebellar volume and in local cerebellar gray matter was observed compared to healthy controls and ET patients. The current study did not find local atrophy, specifically not in the cerebellum in hereditary ET, contrary to FCMTE. Volume increase of cortical motor areas in ET patients with head tremor might suggest cortical plasticity changes due to continuous involuntary head movements.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0734-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…4). Post hoc independent t tests revealed significantly decreased TCV in FCMTE patients compared to controls ( t [45] = 3.66, P = 0.001) and ET patients ( t [51] = 4.4, P < 0.001).Fig. 4
Study 3 —total cerebellar volume.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We have included nine additional ET patients, matched to eight FCMTE patients, and nine healthy controls for study 2 , who have been scanned and described in previous reports [39, 45]. See Table 1 for full subject characteristics.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For study 2 , high-resolution anatomical T1 3D Fast Field Echo (FFE) images were obtained with the same spatial resolution (for details, see van Rootselaar et al [45]). Foam padding was used to minimize head motion during scanning.…”
Essential tremor (ET) presumably has a cerebellar origin. Imaging studies showed various cerebellar and also cortical structural changes. A number of pathology studies indicated cerebellar Purkinje cell pathology. ET is a heterogeneous disorder, possibly indicating different underlying disease mechanisms. Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE), with evident Purkinje cell degeneration, can be an ET mimic. Here, we investigate whole brain and, more specifically, cerebellar morphological changes in hereditary ET, FCMTE, and healthy controls. Anatomical magnetic resonance images were preprocessed using voxel-based morphometry. Study 1 included voxel-wise comparisons of 36 familial, propranolol-sensitive ET patients, with subgroup analysis on age at onset and head tremor, and 30 healthy controls. Study 2 included voxel-wise comparisons in another nine ET patients, eight FCMTE patients, and nine healthy controls. Study 3 compared total cerebellar volume between 45 ET patients, 8 FCTME patients, and 39 controls. In our large sample of selected hereditary ET patients and ET subgroups, no local atrophy was observed compared to healthy controls or FCMTE. In ET patients with head tremor, a volume increase in cortical motor regions was observed. In FCMTE, a decrease in total cerebellar volume and in local cerebellar gray matter was observed compared to healthy controls and ET patients. The current study did not find local atrophy, specifically not in the cerebellum in hereditary ET, contrary to FCMTE. Volume increase of cortical motor areas in ET patients with head tremor might suggest cortical plasticity changes due to continuous involuntary head movements.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0734-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…We are therefore cautious to draw firm conclusions regarding thalamic involvement in MD motor symptoms. Future replication studies are warranted and might address this problem using combined EMG and functional MRI, a novel method which has been successfully applied to study tremor van Rootselaar et al, 2008).…”
“…Electromyography (EMG) recordings have also been shown to improve fMRI signal analysis outcomes when used as signal regressors for patients with tremors 13,14 and in healthy adults 15 as the movements dictated by the activation protocol are never performed perfectly even when the subjects fully intend to do so. Though these studies provide evidence that functional brain image analysis can be improved by use of motion capture and EMG technologies, the challenge of identifying mirror motion contributions in activation images has not been addressed to date.…”
Abstract. Recent studies have demonstrated functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to be a viable and sensitive method for imaging sensorimotor cortex activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, during unilateral finger tapping, children with CP often exhibit unintended motions in the nontapping hand, known as mirror motions, which confuse the interpretation of resulting fNIRS images. This work presents a method for separating some of the mirror motion contributions to fNIRS images and demonstrates its application to fNIRS data from four children with CP performing a finger-tapping task with mirror motions. Finger motion and arm muscle activity were measured simultaneously with fNIRS signals using motion tracking and electromyography (EMG), respectively. Subsequently, subject-specific regressors were created from the motion capture or EMG data and independent component analysis was combined with a general linear model to create an fNIRS image representing activation due to the tapping hand and one image representing activation due to the mirror hand. The proposed method can provide information on how mirror motions contribute to fNIRS images, and in some cases, it helps remove mirror motion contamination from the tapping hand activation images.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
