Simultaneous extraction and determination of trace amounts of olanzapine and fluoxetine from biological fluids: comparison of conventional hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction and pulsed electrically assisted liquid-phase microextraction techniques

Abstract

In the current work, hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and pulsed electromembrane extraction (PEME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection were compared for the extraction of olanzapine (OLZ) and fluoxetine (FLX) from human plasma and urine samples. The influences of extraction parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of OLZ and FLX were studied and optimized for both methods. Under passive extraction conditions, FLX and OLZ were extracted from alkaline samples (pH ¼ 12) into 1-octanol immobilized in the pores of a porous hollow fiber of polypropylene (SLM), and then transported into 25 mL of 25 mM HCl as the acceptor solution. Under electrokinetic migration conditions, FLX and OLZ were transported under applied voltage from acidic sample solutions (pH ¼ 6) through 2-nitrophenyl pentyl ether (NPPE) immobilized in the pores of the hollow fiber into 25 mL of 10 mM HCl as the acceptor solution. Under the optimized conditions, preconcentration factors in the range of 59 to 78 and 43 to 65 for PEME and HF-LPME, respectively, and satisfactory repeatabilities (3.4 < relative standard deviation [RSD] < 7.8) were obtained in different matrices. The obtained recoveries of the drugs in the range of 82.6-103.1%indicated the excellent capability of the developed methods for simultaneous extraction of FLX and OLZ from complex matrices. The results showed that in comparison with HF-LPME based on pH gradient, PEME is a more effective transport process, providing high extraction efficiencies in a short time.

Benzodiazepines in complex biological matrices: Recent updates on pretreatment and detection methods

“…LPME overcomes deficiencies of traditional LLE by using micro- or nano-quantities of organic solvents for extraction, achieved through device and process miniaturization. LPME used for BDZs include single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), etc., as shown in Table S1 [ 36 , 48 , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] ].…”

A review of the application of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical methods – A systematic approach with focus on forensic toxicology

“…The performance of EME was compared to the performance of conventional HF-LPME in some studies [102,131,141,157,167], and EME proved to be faster and more efficient in general. EME showed to be effective even for stagnant systems and short extraction times [150,157].…”

“…Joule effect that can happen during the EME, which can increase the temperature of the system[1].2.5.10. Electromembrane extractionThirty-one methods used EME to perform their extractions[68,70,73,77,78,85,102,106,107,110,112,120,121,124,126,131,132,134,141,142,144,147,150,157,[167][168][169][170][171]. From those, 20 used NPOE as…”

Enrichment of tetracycline residues from honey samples using carrier‐mediated hollow fibre liquid‐phase micro‐extraction and quantification by LC‐Q‐TOF/MS

“…The application of HFLPME has been reported in the literature, where most studies focused on the presence of different pharmaceutical drugs in biological samples 28‐31 . Nevertheless, there is little information about the use of HFLPME in the extraction and pre‐concentration of antibiotics from food samples at the moment.…”

“…The application of HFLPME has been reported in the literature, where most studies focused on the presence of different pharmaceutical drugs in biological samples. [28][29][30][31] Nevertheless, there is little information about the use of HFLPME in the extraction and pre-concentration of antibiotics from food samples at the moment. Xu et al 32 employed hollow-fibre membrane-based dynamic liquid-liquid micro-extraction for the clean-up and preconcentration of tetracyclines from milk samples.…”