Simultaneous improvement of mechanical and conductive properties of poly(amide-imide) composites using carbon nano-materials with different morphologies

Abstract

Two conductive carbon materials, one with a beaded-like structure (carbon black, ECP) and another with tube-like structure (functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, FMWCNTs), were added into a poly(amide-imide) (PAI) matrix. Combining the advantages of ECP (good compatibility) and FMWCNT (high conductivity), the conductivity was improved from 3.7 S m−1 for PAI/FMWCNT polymer composites to 100 S m−1 for PAI/FMWCNT/ECP ternary conductive polymer composites, much higher than that of the sum of PAI/ECP and PAI/FMWCNT. The tensile strength increased from 40 to 70 MPa. The improved conductive and mechanical properties were mainly due to much more intensive conductive network produced in the PAI/FMWCNT/ECP ternary composites, which is useful for electron flow and stress spread. The number of hydrogen bond was increased by adding ECP into PAI/FMWCNT binary composites, and played an important role in forming the unique morphology as evident by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. These conductive composites have potential for flexible electronic applications.

Obvious improvement of dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix through careful interface design

“…It is found that this characteristic peak was also observed in the FTIR spectrum of PAI/MWCNTs/POMA ternary film, suggesting that POMA was successfully incorporated into PAI/MWCNTs binary blend. In addition, the N‐H bending of amide group in the FTIR spectrum of PAI neat film occurred at 3298 cm −1 , this characteristic peak was blue shifted to 3296 cm −1 in the FTIR spectrum of PAI/MWCNTs binary blend film, and further blue shifted to 3292 cm −1 in the FTIR spectrum of PAI/MWCNTs/POMA ternary film, suggesting that the hydrogen interaction was enhanced with incorporation POMA into the PAI/MWCNTs binary blend 45,46 . Therefore, polar aromatic polymer POMA can strength the interface adhesion between PAI and MWCNTs, and thus improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in PAI matrix.…”

“…As shown in the Scheme 1, the diimide-diacid (DIDA) was synthesized by the condensation of ODPA with 11-aminoundecanoic acid through dehydration cyclization, then PAI was prepared from 1,4-diaminobenzene and DIDA monomers through Yamazaki-Higashi phosphorylation reaction. [44][45][46][47][48][49] The proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectra of DIDA and PAI are shown in Figure S1. Synthesis of DIDA.…”

Conducting Polymers in the Design of Biosensors and Biofuel Cells

“…Electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity, mechanical elasticity, biocompatibility, and environmental stability of conducting polymers [ 6 ] are among the most desired properties required for the advancement of sensing performance of analytical and bioanalytical systems. In addition, some conducting polymers possess very good electrical conductivity [ 7 , 8 ] and unique capabilities to transfer electric charge from redox enzymes towards electrodes [ 9 ].…”

“…Electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity, mechanical elasticity, biocompatibility, and environmental stability of conducting polymers [6] are among the most desired properties required for the advancement of sensing performance of analytical and bioanalytical systems. In addition, some conducting polymers possess very good electrical conductivity [7,8] and unique capabilities to transfer electric charge from redox enzymes towards electrodes [9]. Among a variety of CPs, polypyrrole (Ppy), polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene (PTH), and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are mostly applied because of their high technological potential, which has been exploited not only in sensors [10][11][12][13] and biosensors [14], but also in the design of rechargeable batteries [15], corrosion preventing coatings [16], electromagnetic shielding [17], solar cells [18], and super capacitors [19][20][21].…”

Charge Transfer and Biocompatibility Aspects in Conducting Polymer-Based Enzymatic Biosensors and Biofuel Cells

“…In addition, conducting polymers have great environmental stability [ 25 ] and are characterized by rather good biocompatibility [ 26 ]. Conducting polymers (CPs) are organic materials, which have rather good electrical conductivity [ 27 , 28 ]. Polypyrrole (Ppy), polyaniline (PANI), and polythiophene (PTH), poly(3,4-ethyle nedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are mostly used in the design of various high-tech devices and technological applications such as corrosion preventing layers [ 29 ], accumulators [ 30 ], solar cells [ 31 ], super-capacitors [ 32 , 33 ], coatings for electromagnetic shielding [ 34 ], sensors [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], and biosensors [ 39 ].…”