Simultaneous induction of autophagy and toll-like receptor signaling pathways by graphene oxide

Chen, Guan-Yu; Yang, Hong; Lu, Chia Hsin; Chao, Yu-Chan; Hwang, Shiaw Min; Chen, Chiu Ling; Lo, Kai Wei; Sung, Li Yu; Luo, Wen; Tuan, Hsing‐Yu; Hu, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.064

Cited by 219 publications

(170 citation statements)

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Section: Autophagy and Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clathrin mediated endocytosis inhibitors significantly suppressed MWCNT uptake, whereas caveolae mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis were also found to be involved in MWCNT uptake. Thus, MWCNTs were positively taken up by nonphagocytic cells, and their cytotoxicity was closely related to these three endocytosis pathways [57].Chen GY demonstrated that GO treatment of cells simultaneously triggers autophagy and TLR4/TLR9-regulated inflammatory responses, and the autophagy was at least partly regulated by the TLRs pathway, suggesting a mechanism by which cells respond to nanomaterials and underscores the importance of future safety evaluation of nanomaterials [32].Citation: Liu Y, Wang J, Jiang M, Tong X, Han C, et al (2017) The Role of Cell Autophagy in Toxicity Caused by Dental Nanomaterials. J Nanotechnol Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 4: 011.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, degradation of the autophagic substrate p62 protein was also inhibited by both nanomaterials [31]. Chen's researches demonstrated that GO treatment of cells simultaneously triggers autophagy and TLR4/TLR9-regulated inflammatory responses and the autophagy was at least partly regulated by the TLRs pathway [32].The experiments related to silicon dioxide usually aim at endothelial cells. Duan and his team found that SiNPs induce autophagic activity in endothelial cells and pericytes, subsequently disturb the endothelial cell homeostasis and impair angiogenesis.…”

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The Role of Cell Autophagy in Toxicity Caused by Dental Nanomaterials

Wei¹

2017

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NanomaterialsThe overview of nanomaterials Nanomaterials are defined as materials composed of unbound particles or particles in an aggregate or agglomerate state with one or more external dimensions with a size ranging from 1nm to 100nm [1]. Nanomaterials have a lot of free surfaces and interfaces and there is interaction between the various units. Based on the above characteristics, nanomaterials are featured by surface effect, small size effect, quantum size effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and the dielectric confinement effect. Nanoparticles have lots of unpaired atoms, large specific surface area, less surface defects and can occur in conjunction with the polymer stronger physically or chemically. Added to the polymer material, they can improve the ductility, toughness, strength, barrier properties, heat resistance and dimensional stability of the material. They have been widely used in conventional materials, medical equipment, electronic equipment, paint and other industries. However, nanomaterials will affect the organism and produce a series of toxic effects by inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response mechanisms in the cell, subcellular and protein levels. The nanomaterials commonly used in dentistryNanometer materials are widely applied in the field of dentistry, including dental restoration, antibacterial, caries treatment, orthodontic, root canal, bonding systems and so on.Adding nanoparticles to dental restoration materials to improve the performance has been widely used in the clinical field. In view of its unpaired atoms, large specific surface area, less surface defects and occurring in conjunction with the polymer either stronger physically or chemically, the novel resin composite exhibited a strong antibacterial property upon the addition of up to 5% nano antibacterial inorganic fillers, there by leading to effective caries inhibition in dental application [2]. The mesoporous silica biomaterials have great potential for serving as both a catalyst and carrier in the repair or regeneration of dental hard tissue [3]. Diatomite-based nanocomposite ceramics are good potential candidates for ceramic-based dental materials [4]. Nano silicon dioxide can also give polymers the characteristics of better viscosity, thermal stability, high strength, less volume shrinkage and of course, durability [5].In clinical endodontics especially root canal and restorative treatments we can see the near future potential of nanoparticles from the application of nanoparticles in the form of solutions for irrigation, medication and as an additive within sealers/restorative materials [6]. GICs can be applied to base plates of Orthodontic and modified denture base well, as which contain chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles and characterize the nanoparticle size shows a stronger antimicrobial activity [7].As for caries treatment, Hannig M said that Analysis of in vitro data indicates that apatite nanoparticles might be effective in reversing lesion progression in the outer but not in the deepe...

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Section: Autophagy and Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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The Role of Cell Autophagy in Toxicity Caused by Dental Nanomaterials

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2017

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“…Similarly, Stephan et al [40] showed that cell death upon exposure to C 60 (OH) 24 was related with cytoskeleton disruption, loss of mitochondrial capacity and autophagic vacuole accumulation. Indeed, ATP depletion and loss of mitochondrial potential were partially ameliorated when Graphene oxide 2.4 μm and 350 nm RAW264.7 cells TEM, LC3 [44] cells were co-treated with C 60 (OH) 24 and an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine).…”

Section: And C 60 Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, more and more studies started focusing on the biosafety and cytotoxicity of graphene. Recently, Chen et al [44] demonstrated that graphene oxide (GO) could induce autophagy in macrophage RAW264.7 cells and the effect was concentration-dependent. They observed the appearance of autophagic vacuoles and activation of LC3-II.…”

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy as new emerging cellular effect of nanomaterials

et al. 2013

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The biosafety issue of nanoscale materials is getting more and more attention with their increasing manufacture and application. In the research of cellular effects and underlying mechanisms related to toxicity of nanomaterials, most emphasis were placed on processes such as apoptosis, metabolic inhibition and oxidative stress. Recent evidence suggests that autophagy is part of the biological effects by nanomaterials and various kinds of nanomaterials are capable of disturbing the autophagic process. This review will highlight the importance of autophagy as an emerging mechanism of nanomaterial toxicity and the implication in the therapy of autophagy-related diseases. We summarize current research status of interaction between nanomaterials and autophagic pathways. It is of note that nanomaterials can either induce or block autophagy, which result in similar phenotype but completely different biological consequence. It is therefore important to perform comprehensive analysis of the whole autophagic flux in the future research. Nanomaterials refer to materials with the size range between 1 and 100 nanometers in one or more dimensions [1]. Due to their superior physicochemical properties, such as ultra small size, increased ratio of surface area to volume, multiple options for modification and relatively good biocompatibilities, application of nanomaterials in research as well as in industry becomes more and more common. It is predicted that the total amount of nanomaterials' production will increase up to 58000 tons by 2020. Particularly, the utilization of nanomaterials in biomedical research as biosensors, drug-carriers, or imaging agents was extensively studied [2][3][4]. Large scaled preparation and application of nanomaterials increase their possibilities to be exposed to human beings or enter the environment [5][6][7]. Therefore the impact of nanomaterials on environment and human health has attracted high attention. Related studies were carried out on the biological effect of various kinds of nanomaterials both in vitro and in vivo [8]. To date, reported physiological changes of a cell or an organism that exposed to nanomaterials include: reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related pathological responses (such as damaged membrane, mitochondrial damage and necrosis), apoptosis, inflammation and altered differentiation patterns, etc [9][10][11][12]. Recently, autophagy as an essential cellular process and a novel biological effect of nanomaterials on eukaryotes, has received much attention. Many nanomaterials were reported to be able to change the basal level of autophagy [13,14]. Autophagy can crosstalk with other cellular process, such as apoptosis and necrosis, and therefore is an important part of the cellular effect of nanomaterials [15,16]. Moreover, nanomaterials-induced autophagy showed potential for the treatment of certain diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer [13,17]. Hence, in this review we summarize the current research on the effect of various kinds of nanomaterials on autophagy. ...

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