Simultaneous infection of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E viruses amongst acute viral hepatitis patients: A hospital-based study from Uttarakhand

Kalita, Deepjyoti; Paul, Manisha; Deka, Sangeeta; Badoni, Gaurav; Gupta, Pratima

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1373_20

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3 On the other hand similar type of study conducted in northern hilly state of Uttrakhand have shown the reverse trends where more positivity was observed in case of HEV (HEV 28.0%, HAV 14.7%, Combined 5.2%). 6 Another aspect about sero positivity of HAV and HEV is also lies in the differences among the routine testing in the laboratory and outbreak study. Outbreaks generally give more positivity of one of the etiological agent at a time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During infection, initially IgM antibody levels are detected in blood for up to 4 weeks in serology testing and IgM antibodies persist at an elevated level for 2 months after that start declining and rarely, persist beyond 12 Months. 6 HEV is a member of the hepeviridae family of non-enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. With an incubation period of 2 to10 weeks, the fecal oral route is responsible for the transmission of this agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis E virus in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis: A retrospective study of 2-years at tertiary care Hospital, Himachal Pradesh in Northern India

Sharma,

Kumar,

Sood

2024

IJMR

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: Hepatitis-A virus and Hepatitis-E virus are spread enterically, resulting in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in developing countries. Fecal-oral transmitted hepatitis cause major health problems in our country. The aim of present study is to determine the seroprevalence of HAV and HEV in AVH patients attending the tertiary care hospital at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh (DRPGMC). Insufficient data makes it difficult to determine an accurate prevalence of illness in this region of India.: The Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL), in the Department of Microbiology at DRPGMC Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, consolidated retrospective data of 2-years duration. The study population included 784 serum samples received from outdoor and indoor patients were considered in the study.: Of the 784 serum samples that were chosen for our study, HAV and HEV reactive patients showed a seroprevalence of 11.20% and 1.80% respectively. During two years of the study, the co-infection rate of HAV and HEV in patients with acute viral hepatitis was 0.5%. Compared to females (31.80% and 42%), males reported higher seroprevalence of HAV (68.10%) and HEV (57.10%). Further data shows that HAV infection was observed in all age groups and the highest prevalence was reported in the age range from 11 to 20 years. The HEV infection was not observed in the pediatric age groups, it was only observed in adults. Maximum prevalence of HEV was reported in the age group of 21-30 years. The highest number of reactive cases was recorded in the month of August and September.: We found that the prevalence of HAV is significantly higher than that of HEV during two years of study period. In this study, we observed that HAV is more predominant in males as compare to females.HEV infections were only observed in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis E virus in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis: A retrospective study of 2-years at tertiary care Hospital, Himachal Pradesh in Northern India

Sharma,

Kumar,

Sood

2024

IJMR

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“…The double infection can lead to serious complications and increased mortality due to the high risk of acute liver failure in both children and adults. A recent study in India reported that the HEV and HAV coinfection rate is around 6% [ 46 ]. Another study conducted in Bangladesh reported that the double infection rate is about 5.3% [ 47 ].…”

Section: Hav Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A: Viral Structure, Classification, Life Cycle, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis Error, and Vaccination

Gholizadeh

Akbarzadeh

Hashemi

et al. 2023

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the well-known viruses that cause hepatitis all around the globe. Although this illness has decreased in developed countries due to extensive immunization, numerous developing and under-developed countries are struggling with this virus. HAV infection can be spread by oral-fecal contact, and there are frequent epidemics through nutrition. Improvements in socioeconomic and sanitary circumstances have caused a shift in the disease’s prevalence worldwide. Younger children are usually asymptomatic, but as they become older, the infection symptoms begin to appear. Symptoms range from slight inflammation and jaundice to acute liver failure in older individuals. While an acute infection may be self-limiting, unrecognized persistent infections, and the misapplication of therapeutic methods based on clinical guidelines are linked to a higher incidence of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Fortunately, most patients recover within two months of infection, though 10–15% of patients will relapse within the first six months. A virus seldom leads to persistent infection or liver damage. The mainstay of therapy is based on supportive care. All children from 12–23 months, as well as some susceptible populations, should receive routine vaccinations, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Laboratory diagnosis of HAV is based on antigen detection, checking liver enzyme levels, and antibody screening. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has identified HAV in suspected nutrition sources; therefore, this technique is used for preventative measures and food-related laws.

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“…Hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses are important public health problems in developing countries such as India. [ 1 ] Both these viruses are predominantly enterically transmitted through feco-oral route and cause a spectrum of infection ranging from asymptomatic infection, usually in children, to acute viral hepatitis (AVH) of varying severity in adults. [ 2 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in patients at a teaching hospital of northern India over a period of 8 years

Singla

Bansal

Garg

et al. 2022

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Background: Considering the diverse socio-economic and demographic factors in a vast country like India, it is important to study the long-term trends of hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses. This study describes their seroprevalence and long-term trends in a tertiary care center of North India. Methods: The present retrospective observational study was conducted over a period of 8 years (January 2011–December 2018). Serological testing was done for detecting IgM antibodies against HAV and HEV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 5319 samples were received during the study period, of which 903 (16.9%) were reactive for anti-HAV IgM antibodies and 795 (14.9%) were reactive for anti-HEV IgM antibodies. Majority of the cases occurred from June to October while HEV cases had a constant presence during the later years. Among HAV group, 534 (59.1%) were children, 336 (37.2%) were adults, and 33 (3.7%) were pregnant females. In HEV group, 632 (79.5%) were adults, 114 (14.3%) were pregnant females, whereas only 49 (6.2%) were children. Among those who were co-infected ( n = 87), 48 (55.2%) were adults, 22 (25.3%) were pregnant females, and the rest 17 (19.5%) were children. Conclusions: The shift in seroprevalence toward adults, along with an increasing trend of the number of cases reporting to the hospital, warrants active surveillance of HAV. Similarly, screening protocols for HEV should be set up as part of the antenatal management for early detection of the cases among pregnant females.

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Simultaneous infection of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E viruses amongst acute viral hepatitis patients: A hospital-based study from Uttarakhand

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis E virus in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis: A retrospective study of 2-years at tertiary care Hospital, Himachal Pradesh in Northern India

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis E virus in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis: A retrospective study of 2-years at tertiary care Hospital, Himachal Pradesh in Northern India

Hepatitis A: Viral Structure, Classification, Life Cycle, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis Error, and Vaccination

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in patients at a teaching hospital of northern India over a period of 8 years

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