Simultaneous joule heating and potential cycling of cylindrical microelectrodes

Gründler, Peter; Zerihun, Tadesse; Kirbs, A.; Grabow, Harald

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(94)00575-7

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For electrical heating of an electrode inside an electrolyte solution, ac has been used instead of direct current to avoid polarization [34]. The high frequencies could prevent the ac voltage from interfering with the reactive process on CPE.…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new electrochemiluminescent detection system equipped with an electrically heated carbon paste electrode for CE

et al. 2007

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An electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection system in CE with an electrically heated carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. This CPE could be heated by a 100 kHz alternating current (ac) generated from a function generator, and the temperature of the electrode (Te) could be controlled. To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of this system, the electrochemically generated Ru(bpy)(3) (3+)-based ECL reaction was used for detection of triethylamine (TEA) and tri-n-propylamine (TPrA). Ru(bpy)(3) (2+) was added into the separation buffer solution with precolumn mode. Effects of several important factors were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the heated electrode has been shown to provide advantages by the measurement of ECL intensity in CE at elevated Te. Compared with the conventional electrode at the room temperature, using heated CPE could improve peak shape and gain good reproducibility with lower detection limits and wider linearity ranges. Compared with the room temperature, the linear ranges and detection limits (S/N = 3) for TEA and TPrA were improved about one magnitude when the Te was 39 degrees C. In contrast, the RSD was lower than for the electrode at room temperature.

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Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gründler and colleagues [34][35][36][37][38] have introduced various hot-wire electrodes and applied them in many electrochemical applications. Baranski [39] designed a hot-disk microelectrode that was smaller and more convenient than the hot-wire electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new electrochemiluminescent detection system equipped with an electrically heated carbon paste electrode for CE

et al. 2007

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“…Such an electrically-heated electrochemical sensor has been recently developed using Joule heating at wire electrodes [15,16]. In the set-up most commonly used, a 25 mm wire is heated using a 100 kHz alternating current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behaviour of cytochrome c at electrically heated microelectrodes

Voß

Gründler

Brett

et al. 1999

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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The structural changes in cytochrome c with temperature have been been followed using a recently developed electrically-heated microelectrode sensor. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to perform electrochemical measurements of cytochrome c oxidation at different temperatures at heated bare gold electrodes contained in phosphate-buffered cytochrome c solution at room temperature. The voltammetric response shows the onset of unfolding and a marked dependence of the signal on electrode temperature. This augurs well for applications of heated electrodes as local probes in the study of the temperature dependence of electron transfer processes of other redox proteins, avoiding problems of bulk deterioration.

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“…One of the most important and fruitful inventions was the principle of the symmetric heated electrode [6,7]. This is the only way to measure nanoamperes of electrolysis current when simultaneously the electrode is fed with amperes of high frequency heating current.…”

Section: Electrodes and Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%