Simultaneous LC–MS/MS determination of 40 legal and illegal psychoactive drugs in breast and bovine milk

López-García, Ester; Mastroianni, Nicola; Postigo, Cristina; Valcárcel, Y.; González-Alonso, S.; Barceló, Damià; Alda, Miren López de

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.005

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the freeze-dried milk powder samples, instead, several diverse compounds were quantified such as, benzothiazole (food additive), caffeine (stimulant), genistein, genistin and glycitin (phytoestrogens) and 2-ethylhexyl-4dimethylaminobenzoate ((EHDAB, UV filter). As far as breast milk samples are concerned, caffeine was quantified at high concentration (33-1011 ng/g) in all of the samples, which was not surprising since it is common in several foods and drinks that are regularly taken by humans through the diet, and it has been detected in breast milk in other works as well [25,36]. Moreover, compounds such as DEHP and DOP (plasticizers) were quantified in half of the samples analysed, while benzophenone and EHDAB (UV filters), orlistat (pharmaceutical), caprolactam and triethyl phosphate (industrial chemicals) and benzothiazole (food additive) were punctually detected.…”

Section: Target Analysis Of Commercial and Breast Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

Musatadi¹,

González-Gaya²,

Irazola³

et al. 2022

Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis

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Section: Target Analysis Of Commercial and Breast Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

Musatadi¹,

González-Gaya²,

Irazola³

et al. 2022

Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis

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show abstract

“…As far as breast milk samples are concerned, caffeine was quantified at high concentration (33-1011 ng/g) in all of the samples, which was not surprising since it is common in several foods and drinks that are regularly taken by humans through the diet, and it has been detected in breast milk in other works as well [25,36]. Moreover, compounds such as DEHP and DOP (plasticizers) were quantified in half of the samples analysed, while benzophenone and EHDAB (UV filters), orlistat (pharmaceutical), caprolactam and triethyl phosphate (industrial chemicals) and benzothiazole (food additive) were punctually detected.…”

Section: Target Analysis Of Commercial and Breast Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In a similar multi-target work where 200 xenobiotics were analysed with UHPLC-qOrbitrap, also RSD values lower than 20% were obtained for instrumental repeatability [45]. For procedural repeatability, also RSD values below 20% have been obtained while determining xenobiotics in milk samples, even though no other work has analysed more than 200 compounds [17,23,25,36].…”

Section: Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Centrifugation at low temperature [36] and sample freezing in the presence of an organic solvent [25] are reported to be effective for protein precipitation after performing the extraction. These strategies can be combined with Captiva ND-Lipids filters for further clean-up to minimize matrix-effect [25,45].…”

Section: Protein Precipitation Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under those non-selective extraction conditions, a significant amount of proteins and lipids is co-extracted alongside the organic xenobiotics [32,33]. Although a protein precipitation step is often performed just after the extraction step [25,33,36], a further clean-up of the extracts is mandatory to minimize the matrix-effect at the detection step. In this sense, solid phase extraction (SPE) has been mainly investigated for the removal of interferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

et al. 2021

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The development of suspect or non-target screening methods to detect xenobiotics in biological fluids is essential to properly understand the exposome and assess its adverse health effects on humans. In order to fulfil that aim, the biomonitorization of human fluids is compulsory. However, these methods are not yet extensively developed, especially for polar organic xenobiotics in biofluids such as milk, as most works are only focused on certain analytes of interest. In this work, a multi-target analysis method to determine 245 diverse xenobiotics in milk by means of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-qOrbitrap was developed. Under optimal conditions, liquid milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous Na2SO4 and NaCl, and the extracts were cleaned-up by protein precipitation at low temperature and Captiva Non-Drip (ND)—Lipids filters. The optimized method was validated at two concentration-levels (10 ng/g and 40 ng/g) obtaining satisfactory figures of merit for more than 200 compounds. The validated multi-target method was applied to several milk samples, including commercial and breast milk, provided by 4 healthy volunteers. Moreover, the method was extended to perform suspect analysis of more than 17,000 xenobiotics. All in all, several diverse xenobiotics were detected, highlighting food additives (benzothiazole) or phytoestrogens (genistein and genistin) in commercial milk samples, and stimulants (caffeine), plasticizers (phthalates), UV filters (benzophenone), or pharmaceuticals (orlistat) in breast milk samples.

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A systematic review of analytical methodologies capable of analysing phytocannabinoids in cosmetics

Desmedt,

Van Campenhout,

Deconinck

2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

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As cannabidiol (CBD) is not considered to be a drug and because of its potential health claims, it is an interesting compound that is often found in cosmetics. However, the safety of CBD, as well as the presence of trace amounts of other phytocannabinoids, including the psychoactive substance ∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is still being debated. A robust analytical technique capable of analysing cosmetic products and determining their phytocannabinoid content will be crucial in assessing the safety of these products. This systematic review aims to highlight the current analytical tools that could be used to analyse phytocannabinoids in cosmetics. The ideal method would be able to analyse high levels of CBD in combination with trace levels of THC and their acids. The method should provide good recoveries and accuracies in a variety of matrices while providing information on up‐coming phytocannabinoids such as cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabinol (CBN). The systematic review approach was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analyses method. The research focused on studies published from January 2010 to December 2022 in PubMed and Scopus. A total of 15 datasets met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were tabulated to allow easy comparison. Although some of the reviewed methods can handle multiple matrices and provide satisfactory recoveries, this review process did not identify an ideal method. The most suitable methods either could not quantify phytocannabinoid acids or were not sensitive enough to quantify trace levels of psychoactive phytocannabinoids.

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Simultaneous LC–MS/MS determination of 40 legal and illegal psychoactive drugs in breast and bovine milk

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

A systematic review of analytical methodologies capable of analysing phytocannabinoids in cosmetics

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