Simultaneous Measurement of 25 Inflammatory Markers and Neurotrophins in Neonatal Dried Blood Spots by Immunoassay with xMAP Technology

Development and Validation of a Multiplex Add-On Assay for Sepsis Biomarkers Using xMAP Technology

“…Giavadoni (21 ) experienced a similar decrease in bound antibody when the amount of interferon-␥ antibody exceeded 2.5 g per 500 000 beads. The rather high concentration of suPAR antibodies required to achieve acceptable conjugation was probably the result of insufficient removal of azide from the antibody solution, which has been reported to influence conjugation efficiency (22 ).…”

“…Research groups have used different protocols for validating their Luminex assays (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). We followed the minimal criteria outlined in the Food and Drug Administration guidance document for industry on bioanalytical method validation (19 ), with the exceptions that we were not able to obtain suitable analyte-free plasma and that we chose to use only 4 validation samples covering the working range instead of the 5 suggested in the guidance document.…”

IP-10 release assays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection: current status and future directions

“…IP-10 has been shown to be specifically induced, not only in response to the TB-specific antigens used in the QFT-IT and QFT-G [78] tests, but also in response to purified protein derivative [25] and alternative TB antigens, including selected region of difference 1-specific peptides [21,50,51,56], peptides spanning the mycobacterial protein TB10.4 [49], whole M. tuberculosis sonicate [21], cyto megalovirus, HIV [84] and peptides specific for Mycobacterium leprae [85]. Alternative or additional antigens appear to have the potential for improving IGRA sensitivity [86,87] and enable discrimination between active and latent TB [88][89][90][91]; in this context, IP-10 may be a favorable bio marker for measuring responses to novel antigens with limited immunogenicity because of the high levels of biomarker produced [51].…”

“…We have developed a method using dried plasma or whole blood in filter paper [Aabye MG, Ruhwald M, Unpublished Data]. Biomarkers are stable in dried blood and plasma at ambient temperature [97], therefore the filter paper technology enables cheap and simple sample transport over long distances by normal mail, and centralized analysis vis à vis the neonatal screening for metabolic diseases [84].…”

Breath biomarkers in toxicology

“…More recently, archived and new DBS media have been tested for metals and chemicals in newborns that could be indicative of prenatal exposures or used to monitor drug dose (Spliethoff et al 2008;Funk et al 2015;Spooner et al 2009). Neonatal DBS have also been used to assess inflammatory markers and growth factors and are considered new tools for case-control disease studies (Skogstrand et al 2005). Based on these concepts, the next logical step is to implement the analog "dried breath spot" or DBrS (to differentiate it from DBS).…”