Simultaneous Measurement of Changes in Length of the Cruciate Ligaments During Knee Motion

Biomechanical Comparisons of Knee Stability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Between 2 Clinically Available Transtibial Procedures

“…The normal ACL consists of the AM and PL bundles, which have different functions. 4,17,38 When the knee is subjected to an anterior tibial load, the PL bundle of the intact ACL carries one-half to two-thirds of the total force in the ACL near full extension of the knee. As the conventional single-bundle reconstruction reproduces the AM bundle, these reconstructions can help to stabilize the knee near flexion position in response to anterior tibial load but are not configured to reproduce the function of the natural PL bundle.…”

Strain Measurement at the Knee Ligament Insertion Sites. Dehnungsmessung, der Kniegelenksbänder an deren knöchernen Insertionsstellen

“…Aldiough there is an enormous ränge of literature about die topic of ligament tension measurement that we exemplary show for the posterior cruciate ligament most sources can not be compared äs they are based on experiments without action of muscle strength and axial force. Kurosawa et al (1991) did measurcments bcfore and alter iranssection of the anterior cruciaie ligament ancl got vcry similar rcsults for the postcromerlial band of the postcrior cruciatc ligamcnt.…”

Challenges in using compliant ligaments for position estimation within robotic joints

“…The profile of the tibial condyle was selected in order to generate a particular amounts of ligament stretch at each angle of rotation. Kurosawa et al [22] measured the strain in the ligaments at different angles of the knee and found that within each bundle there was variation in the amount of strain. For the purposes of this model ligaments lengths were selected so that the ACL and PCL lengths varied as a function of joint angle.…”