Simultaneous measurement of electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy during voluntary motor preparation

Abstract

We investigated the relationship between electrophysiological activity and haemodynamic response during motor preparation by simultaneous recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). It is still unknown how exactly EEG signals correlate with the haemodynamic response, although the activation in the premotor area during motor preparation has been captured by EEG and haemodynamic approaches separately. We conducted EEG-NIRS simultaneous recordings over the sensorimotor area with a self-paced button press task. Participants were instructed to press a button at their own pace after a cue was shown. The result showed that the readiness potential (RP), a negative slow potential shift occurring during motor preparation, on C3 in the extended 10–20 system occurred about 1000 ms before the movement onset. An increase in concentration of oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb) in the premotor cortex during motor preparation was also confirmed by NIRS, which resulted in a significant correlation between the amplitude of the RP and the change in oxyHb concentration (Pearson’s correlation r2 = 0.235, p = 0.03). We show that EEG-NIRS simultaneous recording can demonstrate the correlation between the RP and haemodynamic response in the premotor cortex contralateral to the performing hand.

Simultaneous acquisition of EEG and NIRS during cognitive tasks for an open access dataset

“…Brain-imaging technologies fall into two broad categories: 1) structural imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and 2) functional imaging, such as electroencephalography (EEG). Apart from invasive methods (e.g., electrocorticography), non-invasive functional imaging methods can be mainly categorized into 1) electrophysiological methods and 2) metabolic methods 4 . EEG is the most popular electrophysiological method widely used in many research areas such as neuroscience, neural rehabilitation, and brain-computer interface (BCI) 5–14 .…”

“…Recently, simultaneous EEG and NIRS systems, so-called hybrid systems, have been gaining more attention 19–23 . NIRS is suitable for simultaneous and artifact-free recording with EEG because its near-infrared light does not interfere with the electrical EEG measurement 4 . Over the last decade, an increasing number of research approaches have focused on the use of simultaneously acquired EEG and NIRS.…”

Mutual interaction between motor cortex activation and pain in fibromyalgia: EEG-fNIRS study

“…The choice of the multimodal method of EEG-fNIRS simultaneous recording was aimed at exploring the electrophysiological and functional mechanisms underlying the voluntary activation of cortical areas involved in movement and pain processing one. The advantage of co-registration lies in being able to obtain functional and electrical data at low cost and with good tolerance to motor artifacts [19]. Moreover, the light emission in the near-infrared does not contaminate the electro-physiological signal [20] and vice versa.…”

Pre-movement changes in sensorimotor beta oscillations predict motor adaptation drive

“…For each participant, data were decomposed using the Infomax Independent Component Analysis Algorithm, with components representing noise artefacts (such as eye blinks or neck musculature) identified and removed before back-transforming the data into time-domain electrode signals 25,26 . As this study was interested in the scalp EEG signals originating from contralateral motor cortex, only data from a single electrode (scalp location - C3) commonly used to represent signals emanating from the motor cortex 27–30 was analysed. Trials were identified from the timestamps of the joystick trigger press (target presentation), and movement initiation was detected when the Euclidian distance of the cursor extended beyond a predetermined ‘zero’ zone (5 pixels).…”