Simultaneous measurement of free-living energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method and heart-rate monitoring

Livingstone, M. B. E.; Prentice, Andrew M.; Coward, W. A.; Ceesay, S. M.; Strain, J. J.; McKenna, P. G.; Nevin, G. B.; Barker, Margo E.; Hickey, Raymond J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/52.1.59

Cited by 205 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the original studies (Livingstone et al, 1990a(Livingstone et al, , 1992a, EE HR and EE DLW showed good agreement at the group level, but individual estimates of EE HR ranged from 722 to þ 52% of corresponding EE DLW values. The reasons for these discrepancies have been discussed in detail in the source references (Livingstone et al, 1990a(Livingstone et al, , 1992a) and include limited sampling periods for the estimation of HR EE , inappropriate Flex-HR definition and=or unrepresentative calibration data. In particular, it is most unlikely that 2 -4 days of EE HR , as was measured in these subjects, would provide a representative estimate of habitual EE HR .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The loss of sensitivity for screening EI WR can be largely attributed to the higher within-subject coefficient of variation in the measurements of EE by HR monitoring (13.3, 17.6, 11.2% for the total group, adults and children respectively) relative to DLW, which was taken as 8.2% (Black & Cole, 2000). In the original studies (Livingstone et al, 1990a(Livingstone et al, , 1992a, EE HR and EE DLW showed good agreement at the group level, but individual estimates of EE HR ranged from 722 to þ 52% of corresponding EE DLW values. The reasons for these discrepancies have been discussed in detail in the source references (Livingstone et al, 1990a(Livingstone et al, , 1992a) and include limited sampling periods for the estimation of HR EE , inappropriate Flex-HR definition and=or unrepresentative calibration data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total EE by the DLW method was measured over 15 days in the adults and over 10 -15 days in the children (Livingstone et al, 1990a(Livingstone et al, , b, 1992a. The DLW technique, together with methods of calculation, validation studies and estimates of potential errors, has been fully described elsewhere (International Dietary Energy Consultative Group, 1990;Speakman, 1997).…”

Section: Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all subjects, total EE by the Flex-HR method was measured over two to four separate days concurrently with the assessment of EE DLW . The procedures are described in detail in the source references (Livingstone et al, 1990a(Livingstone et al, , 1992a. Briefly, the estimation of EE HR involved measurements of basal metabolic rate (BMR), resting metabolic rate (RMR), individually determined heart rate (HR) -oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) regression lines, and minute-byminute daytime HR recordings in free-living conditions.…”

Section: Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of energy expenditure measured by heart rate and the Goldberg cut-off for energy intake: basal metabolic rate for identifying mis-reporting of energy intake by adults and children: a retrospective analysis

et al. 2003

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Objective: To identify adults and children as under-(UR), acceptable (AR), or over-reporters (OR) of energy intake (EI) using energy expenditure measured by doubly labelled water (DLW) (EE DLW ), and to use this as a reference to determine the sensitivity and specificity of (i) EE measured by heart rate (EE HR ), and (ii) the Goldberg cut-off technique for classifying subjects into the same categories. Design: Retrospective analysis of a dataset comprising concurrent measurements of EE DLW , EE HR , basal metabolic rate (BMR), and EI by weighed record (EI WR ) on 14 adults and 36 children. EI by diet history (EI DH ) was also measured in the children only. EI WR :EE DLW provided the reference definition of subjects as UR, AR or OR. Three strategies for classifying mis-reporters based on EE HR and Goldberg cut-offs were then explored. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated respectively as the proportion of UR and non-UR correctly identified.Results: Approximately 80% of all subjects were AR. For EI WR and EI DH respectively, the sensitivity of EE HR was 0.50 and 1.00, and specificity was 0.98 and 1.00. Although designating subjects as having low, medium or high activity levels (EE HR :BMR meas ) and calculating cut-offs based on appropriate WHO physical activity level PALs did not change sensitivity, specificity dropped to 0.98 (EI WR ) and 0.97 (EI DH ). Cut-offs based on a PAL of 1.55 reduced sensitivity to 0.33 (EI WR ) and 0.00 (EI DH ), but specificity remained unchanged. The sensitivity of all cut-offs based on physical activity level (PALs) for EI WR was 0.50 (adults) and 0.25 (children). Conclusions: If the precision of EE HR was improved, it may be useful for identifying mis-reporters of EI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of energy expenditure measured by heart rate and the Goldberg cut-off for energy intake: basal metabolic rate for identifying mis-reporting of energy intake by adults and children: a retrospective analysis

et al. 2003

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“…This HRFlex method has previously been validated against whole-body calorimetry (Spurr et al, 1988;Ceesay et al, 1989) and against doubly-labelled water (Livingstone et al, 1990;Lovelady et al, 1993). This technique provides an objective and accurate estimate of EE at a group level, as well as providing a means of describing the pattern of physical activity (Wareham et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined heart rate and movement sensor: proof of concept and preliminary testing study

et al. 2000

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Objective: Heart rate monitoring has previously been used as a technique for measuring energy expenditure (EE) in ®eld studies. However, the combination of heart rate monitoring with movement sensoring could have theoretical advantages compared to either method used alone. Therefore, this study was undertaken to develop and validate a new combined heart rate monitor and movement sensor instrument (HR M) for measuring EE. Methods: The HR M instrument is a single-piece instrument worn around the chest which records minute-byminute heart rate and movement. Eight subjects underwent an individual calibration in which EE and heart rate were measured at rest and during a sub-maximal bicycle ergometer test. They then wore the HR M for 24 hours in a whole-body calorimeter and underwent a standard protocol including periods of physical activity and inactivity. Minute-by-minute heart rate was converted to EE using individual calibration curves with the motion data discriminating between periods of inactivity and activity at low heart rate levels. EE was also calculated using the HRFlex method which relies on heart rate alone. Both estimates of EE were compared to EE measured in the whole-body calorimeter. Results: The mean percentage error of the HR M method calculating TEE compared with the gold standard of the calorimeter measurement was 0.00% (95% CI of the mean error À0.25, 1.25). The HRFlex method using the heart rate information alone resulted in a mean percentage error of 16.5% (95% CI of the mean error À0.57, 1.76).Conclusions: This preliminary test of HR M demonstrates its ability to estimate EE and the pattern of EE and activity throughout the day. Further validation studies in free-living individuals are necessary. Sponsorship: NJW is an MRC Clinician Scientist Fellow. KLR holds an MRC PhD scholarship. Descriptors: heart rate monitor; movement sensor; energy expenditure

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Daily energy expenditure across the course of lactation among urban Bangladeshi women

Rashid¹,

Ulijaszek

1999

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Measures of energy intake of lactating women in developing countries show that intakes are often lower than those recommended by international bodies, while fat-mass losses are often substantially less than the 3-4 kg used in the calculations of recommendations, suggesting that physiological adaptation must be commonplace among such women. The cost of lactation may be met by reduction in energy expenditure, including reduced physical activity, as well as by mobilization of bodily soft tissue. However, daily energy expenditure of lactating women has been shown to increase across the course of lactation among women in a rural population in the Philippines and an urban population in India, with a decline in body weight across the course of lactation in both studies. In the present study, total daily energy expenditure and anthropometric body composition were measured longitudinally in 68 mothers from a poor urban area of Dhaka, Bangladesh, at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 months of lactation, to determine whether the increasing energy expenditure across lactation observed elsewhere also occurs in Bangladeshi women. In addition, the extent to which an extended period of lactation was accompanied by weight and body fat change in these women was determined. Energy expenditure by heart-rate monitoring and activity report, and body composition from anthropometry was carried out four times across the 8-month period of lactation. A small decline in body fat mass and a significant increase in total energy expenditure across this period were observed, confirming similar observations elsewhere in the developing world.

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Simultaneous measurement of free-living energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method and heart-rate monitoring

Cited by 205 publications

References 12 publications

An evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of energy expenditure measured by heart rate and the Goldberg cut-off for energy intake: basal metabolic rate for identifying mis-reporting of energy intake by adults and children: a retrospective analysis

An evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of energy expenditure measured by heart rate and the Goldberg cut-off for energy intake: basal metabolic rate for identifying mis-reporting of energy intake by adults and children: a retrospective analysis

A combined heart rate and movement sensor: proof of concept and preliminary testing study

Daily energy expenditure across the course of lactation among urban Bangladeshi women

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