Simultaneous modeling of transient three-dimensional root growth and soil water flow

Clausnitzer, V.; Hopmans, Jan W.

doi:10.1007/bf00010082

Cited by 226 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…During the first several years after planting, there is generally a good relationship between increased irrigation and increase in canopy volume and orange yield in Florida (PARSONS et al, 2001). The soil water distribution has an important effect in soil roots distribution under trickle irrigation (CLOTHIER & GREEN, 1994;CLAUSNITZER & HOPMANS, 1994;and COELHO & OR, 1996). Water shortages typically decrease growth of citrus tree, and some studies showed that water stress reduce mainly growth of canopy and fruits (Levy et al, 1978).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus root distribution under water stress grown in sandy soil of central Florida

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACT:The experiment was conducted in an orchard located in University of Florida (Citrus Research and Education Center), Lake Alfred, Polk County, Florida, USA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water stress in root distribution of 'Valencia' orange tree on 'Swingle' citrumelo rootstock. Three treatments were imposed on the trees: 1) normal irrigation with microsprinklers, 2) no irrigation in winter (November through mid-March) and 3) rainfall exclusion by placing a water repelling fabric (Tyvek) under the trees. Trees in treatments 1 and 2 received normal rainfall during the winter, but treatment 3 received no rain. Normal irrigation was resumed on all treatments in mid March. Soil was collected using root auger head (0.09 m diameter and height 0.25 m) in two opposing quadrants (West and East at 3 horizontal distances from tree trunk (1, 2 and 3 m) and 4 depths (0.0-0.15; 0.15-0.30; 0.30-0.60 and 0.60-0.90 m). The results from root sampling showed that there was a significant difference in root distribution between irrigated treatment and non irrigated/non rainfall. KEYWORDS: irrigation, orange, roots.DISTRIBUIÇÂO DO SISTEMA RADICULAR DA CULTURA DO CÍTRUS SOB ESTRESSE HÍDRICO EM SOLO ARENOSO NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DA FLÓRIDA RESUMO: O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade da Flórida (Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa em Cítrus), em Lake Alfred, Polk County, Flórida-EUA. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico na distribuição de raízes de laranjeira Valência enxertada em citrumelo Swingle, em um pomar de 11 anos de implantação. Três tratamentos foram aplicados: 1) plantas irrigadas por microaspersão no período seco (Nov-Mar); 2) plantas não irrigadas no período seco, e 3) plantas não irrigadas no período seco e também sem chuva no período úmido. As plantas do tratamento 3 não receberam chuva durante o período úmido, e os tratamentos 1 e 2 receberam chuva normalmente durantes 3 anos consecutivos (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006). A irrigação normal foi recomeçada em todos os tratamentos, em meados de março. Amostras de raízes foram coletadas utilizando um trado de boca (0,09 m de diâmetro e 0,25 m de altura) nos dois lados da linha de plantio, em 3 distâncias horizontais do tronco da planta (1, 2 e 3 m) e 4 profundidades (0,0-0,15; 0,15-0,30; 0,3-0,60 e 0,6-0,9 m). Os resultados mostraram que uma significante diferença na distribuição de raízes entre as plantas irrigadas e não irrigadas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus root distribution under water stress grown in sandy soil of central Florida

et al. 2012

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“…soil moisture, temperature and aeration [42]. The model of Clausnitzer and Hopmans [17] was the first that allowed the simulation of 3D plant root activity as controlled by the physical conditions in the soil environment and water uptake. More recently, Me7l ch and Prusinkiewicz [61] proposed a virtual model of root development by linking a simplified version of the previous approach in environment modeling with a root model built with open L-systems.…”

Section: Root Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Me7l ch and Prusinkiewicz [61] proposed a virtual model of root development by linking a simplified version of the previous approach in environment modeling with a root model built with open L-systems. The models of Nielsen et al [68] (SimRoot) and Clausnitzer and Hopmans [17] are the only ones taking into account related root architecture and carbon allocation. In fact, SimRoot attempts to study the influence of the root architecture on the carbon investment, and not the influence of the carbon availability on root development.…”

Section: Root Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of functional-structural tree models

Sievänen¹,

et al. 2000

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-We analyze functional-structural tree models (FMSs) that are an outgrowth of developments in process-based models (PBMs) on the one hand, and morphological models on the other. Existing morphological and functional-structural models are briefly reviewed. We introduce the idealized elementary unit (IEU) that can be used as the basic component of a FSM, and pinpoint the processes that have to be accounted for. The distribution of metabolites and growth is identified as one of the main focal points to be investigated in conjunction with FSMs, and the different approaches that can be applied in constructing the model component for this process are presented. Finally, we analyze the computational requirements of FSMs, discuss the challenges they pose, and assess their applicability in a number of different tasks. functional-structural model / process-based model / morphological model / tree structure / L-system Résumé -Les composants des modèles fonctionnels et structuraux des arbres. Cet article a pour objet de faire une synthèse des approches réalisées dans le cadre de la modélisation fonctionnelle et structurale des arbres (FSM). Ces modèles résultent du couplage entre la modélisation du fonctionnement écophysiologique d'arbres, d'une part, et la modélisation des processus morphologiques, d'autre part. Après une brève présentation des approches existantes, nous introduisons la notion « d'unité élémentaire idéale » (IEU) qui peut être considérée comme la composante fondamentale des FSM au regard de la souplesse qu'elle confère dans l'articulation des processus. La distribution des métabolites et la croissance sont ensuite abordées comme étant les processus à résoudre de façon prioritaire dans le développement des FSM, et les différentes approches pouvant être mises à contribution dans la construction de ces modèles sont discutées. Enfin nous analysons les besoins en programmation des FSM, discutons des avancées nécessaires et évaluons leur adéquation à la résolution d'objectifs divers. modèle fonctionnel-structural / modèle de fonctionnement / modèle morphologique / structure des arbres / L-system

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“…Interactions between roots and soil in the rhizosphere influence the quality and quantity of water transported in and exported from the vadose zone. An understanding of the interactions between the roots and surrounding soil and solutes under a variety of changing environmental conditions has large implications since it will lead to a decrease in contamination of subsurface and surface water resources by reducing the loss of fertilizers and other agrochemicals below the root zone [Clausnitzer and Hopmans, 1994;Clothier and Green, 1994]. Moreover, the rhizos- phere might be responsible for accelerated breakdown of organic chemicals by biodegradation [Walton and Anderson, 1990] and phytoremediation [Nyer and Gatlift, 1996]; hence a thorough understanding of root function regarding uptake of water and associated solutes is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional root water uptake functions for transient modeling

Vrugt¹,

Wijk²,

Hopmans³

et al. 2001

Water Resources Research

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299

236

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Abstract. Although solutions of multidimensional transient water flow can be obtained by numerical modeling, their application may be limited as root water uptake is generally considered to be one-or two-dimensional only. This is especially the case for trees. The first objective of this paper is to test the suitability of a three-dimensional root water uptake model for the simultaneous simulation of transient soil water flow around an almond tree. The soil hydraulic and root water uptake parameters were optimized by minimizing the residuals between measured and simulated water content data. Water content was measured in a three-dimensional grid around a sprinkler-irrigated almond tree for a 16 day period, following irrigation. A second objective was to compare the performance and results of the three-dimensional flow model with one-and twodimensional root water uptake models. For this purpose, measured water contents were aggregated in the x and y direction in the one-dimensional case and in the radial direction for the two-dimensional uptake model. For the estimation of root water uptake model parameters a genetic algorithm was used to estimate the approximate global minimum of the parameter space, whereas final parameters were determined using the Simplex optimization algorithm. With the optimized root water uptake parameters, simulated and measured water contents during the 16-day period were in excellent agreement for all root water uptake models. Most significantly, the spatial variation in flux density below the rooting zone decreased when reducing multidimensional root water uptake to fewer dimensions, thereby justifying the proposed multidimensional approach.

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Simultaneous modeling of transient three-dimensional root growth and soil water flow

Cited by 226 publications

References 33 publications

Citrus root distribution under water stress grown in sandy soil of central Florida

Citrus root distribution under water stress grown in sandy soil of central Florida

Components of functional-structural tree models

One‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional root water uptake functions for transient modeling

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