Simultaneous observations on the rate of urine flow and spontaneous uterine movements in the dog, and their relationship to posterior lobe activity

Abrahams, V. C.; Pickford, Mary

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005213

Cited by 89 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The experimental evidence has usually been obtained by recording simultaneously the effects of stimuli on diuresis and uterine motility (Harris, 1948;Cross, 1951;Abrahams and Pickford, 1954), but it has been confirmed by estimation of oxytocic and antidiuretic potencies in blood (Chaudhury and Walker, 1958;Bisset, Lee, and Bromwich, 1956). Our results (preponderance of antidiuretic over oxytocic activity in cerebral venous blood collected during stimulation of the neurohypophysis by progressive haemorrhage) confirm that the hormones are not secreted in the same proportions as they occur in the gland, but unlike previous findings the results show that oxytocin is not always in excess.…”

Section: -5±3-4 (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of Oxytocin in Male and Female Rats

Ginsburg

Smith

1959

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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A method for quantitative extraction of oxytocin from blood is described. The disappearance of injected oxytocin from the circulation in rats was shown to depend upon its uptake in the kidneys and in organs of the splanchnic vascular area. In lactating rats there was uptake by an additional organ or tissue, probably the mammary gland. In animals without kidneys or lactating mammary glands and with no circulation in the splanchnic area oxytocin was distributed into a volume greater than the extracellular fluid volume, and after equilibration the concentration in plasma did not change significantly. During severe haemorrhage increased amounts of antidiuretic activity were detected in blood when there was no significant increase in oxytocic activity.

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Section: -5±3-4 (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of Oxytocin in Male and Female Rats

Ginsburg

Smith

1959

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…Suckling or mechanical stimulations of the mammary glands (Cross & Harris, 1952;Folley, 1947;Petersen, 1944), mechanical stimulation of uterus and vagina (Anderson, 1951;Harris, 1955;Harris & Pickles, 1953), distension of cervix and uterus during labour (Caldeyro-Barcia, Sica-Blanco, Alvarez, Pose, Poseiro, Mendez-Bauer, Fielitz, Gonzalez-Panizza, Cabot, Branda, Escarcena, Coch & Brovetto, 1963;Cross, 1958) cause a reflex liberation of oxytocin. Thirst, an increase in osmotic pressure of the blood (Abrahams & Pickford, 1954;Anderson, 1951;Holland, Cross & Sawyer, 1959) and chemical agents such as actylcholine are also effective stimuli for oxytocin secretion (Abrahams & Pickford, 1954). It is also known that emotional stimuli augment (Abrahams & Pickford, 1954) or inhibit (Cross, 1955b) the milk ejection response.…”

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confidence: 99%

Activity of neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and its control

Brooks¹,

Ishikawa²,

Koizumi³

et al. 1966

The Journal of Physiology

103

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SUMMARY1. Activity of the paraventricular nucleus neurones was recorded by micro-electrodes during resting conditions and while various osmotic, chemical, direct and indirect neural stimuli were applied. This activity was correlated with evidence of oxytocin release by recording milk ejection responses.2. Seventy-four per cent of all paraventricular nucleus neurones were osmosensitive in that firing was augmented following close arterial injection of hypertonic solutions (1 ml. lM-NaCl in 10-15 sec). A very few neurones showed decreased activity and in twenty-two per cent no change at all occurred following injection. Evidence indicated that the observed depressions ofcellular firing rate were due to other than osmotic stimulation.3. In post-partum cats an osmotically-induced neurone discharge increase was accompa'hied by a milk ejection response equivalent to that produced by 2-3 m-u. of oxytocin. 4. Paraventricular neurones were also sensitive to acetylcholine. Intracarotid injections of ,tg of acetylcholine greatly increased discharge rates and caused a very definite milk ejection response.5. Stimulation of the nipples by gentle suction, but not by electrical shock, and distension of the uterus in post-partum cats increased unit discharge in the paraventricular nucleus and evoked a milk ejection response.6. Neurones of the paraventricular nucleus, unlike those of the supraoptic nucleus, did not appear to be specifically responsive to electrical stimulation of skin and muscle afferent or of central nervous structures. Such stimuli did cause slight augmentations or depressions in firing rates of cells within and adjacent to the paraventricular nuclei, but many neurones were unaffected. Stimuli such as those applied appeared to have

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“…The observations described above show that an antidiuretic dose (10 mU.) of the vasopressor fraction has no perceptible effect on the ureter, whereas the oxytocic fraction, in amounts that may well occur in a limited number of normal circumstances (Abrahams and Pickford, 1954), does cause contraction of the ureteric, as of the uterine, muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The uterus of the conscious and anaesthetized dog contracts in response to an even lower concentration than that which affects the blood pressure (Abrahams and Pickford, 1956a). As described in another paper (Abrahams and Pickford, 1956b), antidiuresis is rarely seen after single intravenous doses of 5-HT of less than 10 ttg. /kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Effect of 5‐hydroxytryptamine on the Ureter and on the Blood Pressure of Dogs; And of Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, and Posterior Pituitary Extracts on the Ureter

Abrahams

Pickford

1956

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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When observing the action of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the rate of urine flow in conscious dogs it was often noticed that almost immediately after an intravenous injection of this substance there was a brief marked slowing of urine flow, followed by an equally brief period of rapid flow before the appearance of the long-lasting antidiuresis described by Erspamer (1954) (Fig. 1). These fluctuations in rate of urine flow lasted no more than 2-3 min. and could be most easily explained as due to temporary spasm of the ureters. It was decided, therefore, to examine the response of the ureter in situ to 5-HT. Moreover, it was of interest in connexion with the antidiuresis seen after 5-HT to know whether renal function was affected by smaller or greater doses than those which had an action on smooth muscle such as that of ureter, uterus and of the vascular system. At the same time, the opportunity was taken of observing the effect of some other drugs on the ureter, and of the effect of 5-HT on the blood pressure of the anaesthetized dog. METHODSNine dogs were anaesthetized either with chloralose, 0.1 g./kg., or with pentobarbitone sodium, 0.033 g./ kg., intravenously. The abdomen was opened through a midline incision and a length of ureter, of 2 inches or more, was prepared for perfusion through its lumen by inserting one cannula into its upper end just below the renal pelvis, and another into its lower end either immediately above the bladder, or, from within the bladder, through the ureteric orifice. Care was taken when tying in the cannulae to leave the main ureteric blood vessels outside the ligatures so that the ureter kept its normal blood supply and, to some extent, its normal innervation. This arrangement made it possible for solutions injected into distant veins to reach the ureter by the normal route. The lumen of the ureter was perfused with 0.9% NaCl solution from a Mariotte bottle connected with one or other cannula, so that the pressure and direction of perfusion could be controlled. Inflow and outflow from the ureter were connected to the exterior by fine rubber tubes

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Simultaneous observations on the rate of urine flow and spontaneous uterine movements in the dog, and their relationship to posterior lobe activity

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

The Fate of Oxytocin in Male and Female Rats

The Fate of Oxytocin in Male and Female Rats

Activity of neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and its control

The Effect of 5‐hydroxytryptamine on the Ureter and on the Blood Pressure of Dogs; And of Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, and Posterior Pituitary Extracts on the Ureter

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