Simultaneous Optimization of Power Economy and Impairment Awareness by Traffic Grooming, Mixed Regeneration, and All Optical Wavelength Conversion With an Experimental Demonstration

Abstract

Power economy (PE) and impairment awareness (IA) have become crucial issues in optical networks. There is a tradeoff between PE and IA under the constraint of available network resources. Transparency is needed to achieve PE in optical networks, as this requires the avoidance of the regeneration of an optical signal. This leads to an accumulation of noise due to the physical layer impairments and ultimately results in the loss of quality of the signal. We have optimized the selective usage of traffic grooming, mixed regeneratoion, and all optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) using integer linear programming to increase the PE and IA simultaneously. The optimized solution together with heuristics results are given for 24 node USNet and 19 node RailTel network of India. The utilization of heuristics for the longest path of RailTel network is shown in OptSim hardware simulation with comparative performance using various techniques. An experimental demonstration of an AOWC using semiconductor optical amplifierbased four wave mixing has been given in Section VII. A feature of this setup is that the wavelength converter subsystem remains in a lower power mode, until it is actuated by the control program based on the quality factor (Q-factor) of the signal.Index Terms-All optical wavelength conversion, four wave mixing, impairment awareness, mixed regeneration, power economy, traffic grooming.

Topology and Failure Modeling for Optical Network Resilience Analysis Against Earthquakes

“…9 shows the BL obtained due to the 87 past earthquakes occurred since the year 1900 in India at different locations. The initial topology considered in this case is the 19-node Indian RailTel network topology [11]. The earthquakes have been simulated randomly from the set of 87 earthquakes at each of the 100 iterations for every densification stage.…”

“…We evaluate the proposed SFONT model by analyzing various OND stages using the proposed SRA-OND as well as a seismic-risk unaware (SRU)-OND approach (where nodes are randomly located without considering seismic risk). To verify the capability of the proposed SFONT model to emulate real-world network topologies and failure scenarios, we compare the proposed SFONT model with a real-world case considering past real earthquakes [10], and real Indian RailTel optical network topology [11].…”