Simultaneous Provision of Flexible Ramping Product and Demand Relief by Interruptible Loads Considering Economic Incentives

Hu, Jiahua; Wen, Fushuan; Ke, Wang; Huang, Yuchun; Salam, Md. Abdus

doi:10.3390/en11010046

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Also, wind turbines can deliver synthetic inertia, which can solve the problem of the reduced inertia of the grid due to high shares of VRE [26]. In this way, the well-known ramping products [27] and the P2X solutions [28] are important aspects to explore. We note, however, that fast ramping schedules in frequency control ancillary services (FCAS) can avoid the curtailment of VRE, although some limitations prevent an adequate participation of VRE producers (e.g., fixed sloping schedules).…”

Section: Status Of Some European Countries and Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Renewable Energy and Market Design: New Products and a Real-World Study

et al. 2019

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Most existing energy markets (EMs) were not designed to take into account an active participation of variable renewable energy (VRE). This situation results typically in imbalances and substantial costs in balancing markets. Such costs are reflected both in the energy and the VRE parts of the consumer tariffs. Both appropriate market products and new elements of market design may largely facilitate the large-scale integration of VRE in EMs. Accordingly, this article presents a new bilateral energy contract and introduces two new marketplaces that can contribute to reduce the imbalances resulting from VRE producers. It also presents a study conducted with the help of an agent-based tool, called MATREM. The results indicate a significant decrease in the imbalances and the associated costs. Energies 2019, 12, 4576 2 of 17To address the issues associated with the participation of VRE producers in markets, adaptations to the current market structure as well as new elements of market design have been proposed by theorists and practitioners working on the area of competitive energy markets. For instance, the International Energy Agency points out that the physical transactions of electrical energy in power systems with high shares of VRE need to be made by considering auctions and centralized pools, and should not take into account feed-in-tariffs or other supporting schemes. The process of trading energy also needs to be improved by defining the terms of the transactions up to 30 min before real-time operation with an interval up to 10 min [6]. This near real-time negotiation is also supported by the Clean Energy Package (Article 7), published by the European Commission [7]. In this package, a new proposal for regulating the Internal Market for Electricity is presented, with the main goals of stimulating the global leadership of Europe in renewables, harmonizing markets rules, supporting the integration of VRE, and increasing the general welfare of consumers (see [8] for a complete overview). Article 6 of the new proposal indicates that market operators should develop new products to accommodate the increasing levels of VRE and support demand-response programs. Now, generally speaking, European markets typically allow bidding up to 5 to 30 min before real-time operation, contributing to reduce the imbalances resulting from VRE producers. The markets of North-America and Australia present some additional flexibility by including 5-min real-time (sub-)markets. Despite this, most real-world markets operate by considering power (MW) and not energy (MWh), thus allowing to some extent substantial deviations of VRE producers.Against this background, this article presents a new bilateral energy contract, called short-term energy (STE) contract, and introduces two new marketplaces that may allow to reduce the imbalances resulting from VRE producers (we note that throughout the article the terms "new marketplace" and "new market product" will be used interchangeably). The main aim is to enable an active and competitive participa...

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Section: Status Of Some European Countries and Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Renewable Energy and Market Design: New Products and a Real-World Study

et al. 2019

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“…Additionally, power-industry deregulation provides opportunities for microgrids to schedule power consumption and reduce operation costs by direct participation in electricity markets [27,28]. Note that market transactions are still handled by a central coordination center [5].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reactive power control is cast as an optimal power-flow problem in Reference [25], and the obtained nonconvex problem is equivalently transformed into an SOC problem. The work in References [25,26] provides less restrictive but sufficient conditions to guarantee exact SOC relaxation.Additionally, power-industry deregulation provides opportunities for microgrids to schedule power consumption and reduce operation costs by direct participation in electricity markets [27,28]. Note that market transactions are still handled by a central coordination center [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Decentralized Energy Management of Networked Microgrid Based on Alternating-Direction Multiplier Method

Feng

Wen

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Energies

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With the ever-intensive utilization of distributed generators (DGs) and smart devices, distribution networks are evolving from a hierarchal structure to a distributed structure, which imposes significant challenges to network operators in system dispatch. A distributed energy-management method for a networked microgrid (NM) is proposed to coordinate a large number of DGs for maintaining secure and economic operations in the electricity-market environment. A second-order conic programming model is used to formulate the energy-management problem of an NM. Network decomposition was first carried out, and then a distributed solution for the established optimization model through invoking alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM). A modified IEEE 33-bus power system was finally utilized to demonstrate the performance of distributed energy management in an NM.Energies 2018, 11, 2555 2 of 18 for implementing the control center as well as communication infrastructures [3,4]. Furthermore, storing all data in one control center carries the risk of exposing the privacy of customers, as well as unavoidable single-point failures [3]. More importantly, the distributed method is more computationally efficient than the centralized one. Therefore, it is desirable to effectively coordinate NMs in a distributed manner for improving reliability and economics. Literature ReviewConventionally, a distribution-level microgrid is centrally controlled by a central coordination center [5]. More specifically, the central coordination center collects relevant information from dispersed controllable devices and forecasting data to perform an optimal dispatch of distributed resources for the next period [6]. Centralized energy-management architecture has been widely studied in existing publications. Reference [7] proposed a two-layer energy-management model wherein the schedule level attains the economic-operation scheme based on forecasts, while the dispatch level dispatches controllable DGs based on real-time data. In Reference [8], a centralized scheduling algorithm was proposed for an electric vehicle-dominated microgrid to optimize the charging scheme considering the charging cost and convenience of microgrid users. In Reference [9], the centralized energy-management problem for a household-level microgrid was formulated as a utility-maximization problem, subject to capacity constraints. In Reference [10], a centralized energy-management optimization model was formulated for a residential-quarter microgrid including a concentrating solar-power unit with an objective of minimizing the involved operation costs. A two-stage stochastic demand-side management model for a commercial-building microgrid is formulated in Reference [11], considering the uncertainties in solar-generation outputs, loads, microgrid availabilities, and microgrid energy demands.The fully distributed optimization method includes two broad categories, i.e., the Lagrangian relaxation-based and the optimality-condition decomposition-based category. The Lagrangian r...

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“…References [13,14] compare a deterministic unit commitment model considering FRPs with a stochastic one, and conclude that the latter can achieve a higher social surplus. References [15,16] respectively studied the mechanism of FRPs provided by the interruptible load (IL) and by the battery energy storage in a joint energy and ancillary service market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, most of the existing research publications focus on unit commitment and economic dispatch in the day-ahead electricity market using scenario generation methods [2,[13][14][15]. Few researchers have explicitly quantified the operational risk in the RTUC/RTED (real-time unit commitment/real-time economic dispatch) with FRPs incorporated, which is one of the reasons why FRPs are employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Limiting Real-Time Economic Dispatch in a Power System with Flexibility Resources

et al. 2019

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The integration of numerous intermittent renewable energy sources (IRESs) poses challenges to the power supply-demand balance due to the inherent intermittent and uncertain power outputs of IRESs, which requires higher operational flexibility of the power system. The deployment of flexible ramping products (FRPs) provides a new alternative to accommodate the high penetration of IRESs. Given this background, a bi-level risk-limiting real-time unit commitment/real-time economic dispatch model considering FRPs provided by different flexibility resources is proposed. In the proposed model, the objective is to maximize the social surplus while minimizing the operational risk, quantified using the concept of conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). Energy and ramping capabilities of conventional generating units during the start-up or shut-down processes are considered, while meeting the constraints including unit start-up/shut-down trajectories and ramping up/down rates in consecutive time periods. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions are then used to convert the bi-level programming problem into a single-level one, which can be directly solved after linearization. The modified IEEE 14-bus power system is employed to demonstrate the proposed method, and the role of FRPs in enhancing the system flexibility and improving the accommodation capability for IRESs is illustrated in some operation scenarios of the sample system. The impact of the confidence level in CVaR on the system operational flexibility is also investigated through case studies. Finally, a case study is conducted on a regional power system in Guangdong Province, China to demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for practical applications.

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Simultaneous Provision of Flexible Ramping Product and Demand Relief by Interruptible Loads Considering Economic Incentives

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Variable Renewable Energy and Market Design: New Products and a Real-World Study

Variable Renewable Energy and Market Design: New Products and a Real-World Study

Decentralized Energy Management of Networked Microgrid Based on Alternating-Direction Multiplier Method

Risk-Limiting Real-Time Economic Dispatch in a Power System with Flexibility Resources

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