Simultaneous quantitative analysis of four isothiazolinones and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate in hygienic consumer products

Abstract

In this study, extraction, clean-up and instrumental analytical conditions were optimized for identifying and quantifying methyl-, chloromethylbenzi-, octyl-isothiazolinone (MIT, CMIT, BIT, OIT) and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC), widely used biocidal active ingredients in human hygiene consumer products. Accuracy of the developed ultrasonic assisted extraction method followed by HPLC/MS analysis for four isothiazolinones and IPBC ranged between 60.4% and 113% in various types of consumer product samples. Method detection limits ranged 0.011-0.034 mg/kg for wet wipes, 0.57-1.5 mg/kg for liquid detergent and 0.58-1.6 mg/kg for powder detergent. Wet wipes, powder and liquid detergents collected from local market in Korea were analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the developed method. Even after the regulation of those compounds in wet wipes, CMIT, MIT and IPBC were still frequently detected from complementary wet wipes without brand labels which were distributed to customers at local retail shops and restaurants. The maximum observed concentrations of MIT and CMIT found in those complementary wet wipes were 70.2 mg/kg and 11.3 mg/kg, respectively.

Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles

“…The wide variety of cartridge types and solvents makes the SPE procedure suitable for many polar or nonpolar analytes. For the analysis of isothiazolinones, different SPE stationary phases were used [83,[86][87][88][89][90][91].…”

“…Ultrasound is a key technology in achieving the objective of sustainable "green" chemistry and extraction. UAE has been employed for the extraction of isothiazolinones from solid and liquid samples with a high density and viscosity [87,89,90,[94][95][96].…”

“…Methods based on LC or HPLC coupled to different detectors are the most used for the analysis of isothiazolinone biocides. The identification is carried out using several detectors, such as diode array (DAD) [89,99,102,108], simple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) [87,94], and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) [85,88,90,91,93,95,101,104,106,107]. In general, MS/MS detector allows high sensitivity and selectivity, reducing the matrix interferences and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Assay of MCI and MI in Shampoos Containing Plant Extracts

“…These plant extracts can be used separately or combined, and sometimes a shampoo can contain extracts of 7 different plants in its composition. To extract MCI and MI from cosmetics and toiletries, different approaches have been employed, including solid-phase extraction [9, 10], matrix solid-phase dispersion [11], or direct dissolving from sample matrix with different solvents [12–15]. However, within the limit of our bibliographic research, we did not find any sample preparation process dealing with the matrix of shampoo containing plant extracts.…”

Development of an Efficient Analytical Method for the Extraction and Analysis of Biocide Contents from the Textile Test Specimens on LC-DAD

“…But current literature study shows that systematic screening of various classes of biocides in textile matrices has not been performed yet. From the available literature, it is revealed that only few studies have been explored on screening methods of banned antimicrobial agents on textile materials [15][16][17][18][19].…”