Simultaneous radar and lidar observations of sporadic E and Na layers at Arecibo

Beatty, Timothy J.; Collins, R. L.; Gardner, Chester S.; Hostetler, C. A.; Sechrist, C. F.; Tepley, C. A.

doi:10.1029/gl016i009p01019

Cited by 82 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Many Nas events were observed in the 1980s in Norway (69 N) (von Zahn et al 1987;von Zahn and Hansen 1988), and Longyearbyen, Svalbard (78 N) (Gardner et al 1988), Tokyo (35 N) (Nagasawa et al 1995), Mauna Kea, Hawaii (20 N) and Arecibo, Puerto Rico (18 N) (Beatty et al 1989). Thus, Nas has been observed between low latitudes and high latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar Observations of Sporadic Fe and Na Layers in the Mesopause Region over Equator

Shibata

Nagasawa

Abo

et al. 2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Characteristics of sodium and iron layers in the mesopause region over the equator observed with the resonance scattering lidars installed at Kototabang, Indonesia (0.2 S, 100.3 E) are reported. These lidars were operated during the night. The sporadic sodium layer (Nas) and the sporadic iron layer (Fes) were detected in almost every observing opportunity other latitude regions. Nas and Fes layers appeared almost at the same time and the heights above 90 km. However, Fes layers appeared below 90 km as well. The occurrence of the Nas layer correlated well with that of sporadic E layer which was observed simultaneously by the ionosonde at Kototabang. On the other hand, the occurrences of the Nas and Fes layers does not correlate with that of the wind shear which has been observed simultaneously by the meteor radar at Kototabang. This result is not in agreement with the result of simultaneous observations by the Na lidar and the MU radar at Hachioji (35.6 N) and Shigaraki (34.9 N) in mid-latitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar Observations of Sporadic Fe and Na Layers in the Mesopause Region over Equator

Shibata

Nagasawa

Abo

et al. 2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…While a negative value of t means that a Na s layer lags behind an E s layer. E s layer pair evolving with the same track obtained by lidar and incoherent scatter radar on 16 January 1989 at Arecibo (Beatty et al, 1989). However, considering the comparably low resolutions (1 h and ±5 km) of E s layer data obtained by our ionosonde, the claim of correlation between Na s and E s layers obtained above is crude.…”

Section: E S Layer Occurrence Probabilities Around Na Layersmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In addition, according to several chemical theoretical studies, the Na ion is converted into a Na atom at a height around or above 100 km (Cox and Plane, 1998;Hansen and von Zahn, 1990;Collins et al, 2002). Also, the observations indicated that, sporadic neutral atom (N s ) layers correlated with E s layers were likely to appear around 100 km (Beatty et al, 1989;Friedman et al, 2000;Williams et al, 2007). Nevertheless, the correlation of N s layers and E s layers is not 1 : 1 (Clemesha, 1995).…”

Section: Z Ma Et Al: First Report Of Sporadic Na Layers At Qingdaomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high correlation between the occurrences of Na s layers and E s layers has led to suggesting the neutralization of the Na ion reservoir in the E s layers as a source of the neutral Na atoms (von Zahn and Hansen, 1988;Beatty et al, 1989;Kane and Gardner, 1993;Cox and Plane, 1998;Clemesha et al, 1999;Shibata et al, 2006;Williams et al, 2006Williams et al, , 2007Delgado et al, 2012;Yuan et al, 2013;Dou et al, 2013). In addition, according to several chemical theoretical studies, the Na ion is converted into a Na atom at a height around or above 100 km (Cox and Plane, 1998;Hansen and von Zahn, 1990;Collins et al, 2002).…”

Section: Z Ma Et Al: First Report Of Sporadic Na Layers At Qingdaomentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of sporadic Na layers at Qingdao (36° N, 120° E), China

Wang

Chen³

et al. 2014

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. This paper reports, for the first time, observational results of mesopause sporadic Na (Na s ) layers by a ground-based lidar at Qingdao (36 • N, 120 • E), China. Based on ∼ 430 h of observational data on 95 nights from December 2007 to June 2012, we have selected a total of 53 Na s layer events. It is found that characteristics of Na s layers over Qingdao have general similarity with those over nearby sites, Wuhan (30 • N, 114 • E) and Hefei (32 • N, 117 • E), but not those over the site Hachioji (35 • N, 139 • E) at nearly the same latitude as Qingdao. At the same time, parameters of sporadic E (E s ) layers were recorded by an ionosonde. The fact that E s layer occurrence probabilities of 19, 22, and 18 % in time intervals before, during, and after the Na s layers are very close to the average occurrence ratio of the nocturnal E s layer (21 %), may reveal a general independence between Na s and E s layers over Qingdao. Only those strong Na s layers above the peak altitude of the main Na layer might have a significant correlation with E s layers. In addition, a total of 11 high-altitude (above 105 km) Na s layer events have been surveyed specially. It is found that these high-altitude Na s layers were usually weak. And they possessed long-duration (> 147 min) and broad-layer width (4.0 km) compared with Na s layers below 105 km (> 96 min and 2.4 km). These characteristics are in accord with observational results at Wuhan. It is suggested that there is little correlation between this kind of Na s layers and E s layers. Finally, the summer topside enhancement phenomenon of Na atoms observed at Qingdao is in accord with several earlier observational results at different sites (18, 30, and 54 • N) in the Northern Hemisphere.

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“…Mathews (1987) discusses the importance of neutral dust at the "dumping" region for sporadic E around 90 km and estimates the electron attachment rate to neutral dust particles. Beatty et al (1989) and Kirkwood and von Zahn (1991) pointed out the interaction between dust layers, sporadic E, and neutral metal layers, and that the presence of a charged dust layer would reduce the electric conductivity parallel to the magnetic field and result in charge separation and polarization electric fields. Plane et al (2014) find that, above the atomic oxygen ledge (typically 88-90 km), negatively charged dust particles of radii < 1 nm (and which contain silicon) are abundant and predominant over negative molecular ions.…”

Section: Electron Biteoutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of electron biteout regions below sporadic E layers at polar latitudes

2015

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Abstract. The descent of a narrow sporadic E layer near 95 km altitude over Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska was observed with electron probes on two consecutive sounding rockets and with incoherent scatter radar during a 2 h period near magnetic midnight. A series of four trimethyl aluminum chemical releases demonstrated that the Es layer remained just slightly above the zonal wind node, which was slowly descending due to propagating long-period gravity waves. The location of the layer is consistent with the equilibrium position due to combined action of the wind shear and electric fields. Although the horizontal electric field could not be measured directly, we estimate that it was ∼ 2 mV m −1 southward, consistent with modeling the vertical ion drift, and compatible with extremely quiet conditions. Both electron probes observed deep biteout regions just below the Es enhancements, which also descended with the sporadic layers. We discuss several possibilities for the cause of these depletions; one possibility is the presence of negatively charged, nanometer-sized mesospheric smoke particles. Such particles have recently been detected in the upper mesosphere, but not yet in immediate connection with sporadic E. Our observations of electron depletions suggest a new process associated with sporadic E.

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Simultaneous radar and lidar observations of sporadic E and Na layers at Arecibo

Cited by 82 publications

References 20 publications

Lidar Observations of Sporadic Fe and Na Layers in the Mesopause Region over Equator

Lidar Observations of Sporadic Fe and Na Layers in the Mesopause Region over Equator

First report of sporadic Na layers at Qingdao (36° N, 120° E), China

Observation of electron biteout regions below sporadic E layers at polar latitudes

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