Simultaneous Recovery of Carotenes and Tocols from Crude Palm Olein Using Ethyl Lactate and Ethanol

Kua, Yin Leng; Gan, Suyin; Morris, Andrew; Ng, Hoon Kiat

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/989/1/012005

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…EtLa is an additive in paints, foods, cosmetics and cleaning items, as well as a solvent in the manufacturing of microelectronics and pharmaceutical products [7,9,10]. Studies have also shown the possibility of using EtLa for the recovery of phenolics and carotenoids (phytonutrients) from fruits and vegetables including palm oil [11][12][13]. More recently, Planer, et al [14] have demonstrated the use of EtLa as a solvent in olefin metathesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alkyl lactates are green solvents that are successfully employed in several industries such as pharmaceutical, food and agricultural. They are considered prospective renewable substitutes for petroleum-derived solvents and the opportunity exists to obtain these valuable chemicals from the chemical recycling of waste poly(lactic acid). Alkyl lactates (ethyl lactate, propyl lactate and butyl lactate) were obtained from the catalysed alcoholysis reaction of poly(lactic acid) with the corresponding linear alcohol. Reactions were catalysed by a Zn complex synthesised from an ethylenediamine Schiff base. The reactions were studied in the 50–130 °C range depending on the alcohol, at autogenous pressure. Arrhenius temperature-dependent parameters (activation energies and pre-exponential factors) were estimated for the formation of the lactates. The activation energies (Ea1, Ea2 and Ea−2) for alcoholysis in ethanol were 62.58, 55.61 and 54.11 kJ/mol, respectively. Alcoholysis proceeded fastest in ethanol in comparison to propanol and butanol and reasonable rates can be achieved in temperatures as low as 50 °C. This is a promising reaction that could be used to recycle end-of-life poly(lactic acid) and could help create a circular production economy.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ethyl lactate has been used for carotenoid extraction from different matrices such as dry tomato waste, crude palm olein (CPO), and C. sorokiniana, among others [25,65,66]. In particular, 17 research articles have evaluated the extraction of carotenoids with this solvent (Figure 2).…”

Section: Ethyl Lactatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed that in a conventional carotenoid extraction (30 min, 70 • C) of dry tomato waste, the carotenoid yield obtained with ethyl lactate (243.00 mg/kg) was much higher than those obtained with acetone (51.90 mg/kg), ethyl acetate (46.21 mg/kg), hexane (34.45 mg/kg), and ethanol (17.57 mg/kg) [65]. In CPO, the extraction of carotenoids and tocols was optimized using a mixture of ethyl lactate and ethanol (3:2, v/v), setting the optimal parameters as 20 • C, 10 min of mixing (at 360 rpm), and 1 mL CPO/mL extraction solvent [66]. Finally, in encapsulated C. sorokiniana, ethyl lactate recovered a higher total carotenoid content compared to 2-MeTHF, ethanol, methanol, and DMSO, although significant differences were found only with ethanol and DMSO [25].…”

Section: Ethyl Lactatementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Green Extraction of Carotenoid Pigments: Innovative Technologies and Bio-Based Solvents

Morón-Ortiz,

Mapelli-Brahm,

Meléndez-Martínez

2024

Antioxidants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carotenoids are ubiquitous and versatile isoprenoid compounds. The intake of foods rich in these pigments is often associated with health benefits, attributable to the provitamin A activity of some of them and different mechanisms. The importance of carotenoids and their derivatives for the production of foods and health-promotion through the diet is beyond doubt. In the new circular economy paradigm, the recovery of carotenoids in the biorefinery process is highly desirable, for which greener processes and solvents are being advocated for, considering the many studies being conducted at the laboratory scale. This review summarizes information on different extraction technologies (ultrasound, microwaves, pulsed electric fields, pressurized liquid extraction, sub- and supercritical fluid extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction) and green solvents (ethyl lactate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, natural deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids), which are potential substitutes for more toxic and less environmentally friendly solvents. Additionally, it discusses the results of the latest studies on the sustainable green extraction of carotenoids. The conclusions drawn from the review indicate that while laboratory results are often promising, the scalability to real industrial scenarios poses a significant challenge. Furthermore, incorporating life cycle assessment analyses is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of innovative extraction processes compared to industry-standard methods.

show abstract

“…In comparison with other extraction and concentration methods, solvent fractionation performs far superior. Manurung and Siregar (2020) replace hexane with deep eutectic solvent and only manage to obtain a final concentration of 212.7 ppm; Kua, Gan, Logo et al (2018) and Kua, Gan, Morris et al (2018) carry out solvent extraction of carotenoid from palm olein using ethanol and ethyl lactate and the final concentration is only 717.5 ppm and 616 ppm with a yield of 42.2% and 11.3%, respectively. All of these are lower than the result achieved in the current study, which is 811.60 ppm.…”

Section: Efficiency Of First and Second Stage Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of dual stage solvent fractionation as an approach to concentrate carotenoids from crude palm oil with high recovery: The potential use of molecular simulation as a pre‐screening tool

Tong,

Lee,

Tang

et al. 2023

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crude palm oil (CPO) is highly abundant in carotenoids. Previous findings found that dry fractionation can concentrate carotenoids from CPO but resulted in a significant loss of carotenoids. Therefore, the present study aimed to utilize solvent fractionation, which offers a better separation efficiency, to concentrate carotenoids from CPO with improved recovery. Computational study revealed a high binding affinity of phytonutrient towards unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) species in olein fraction due to similar polarity. This prediction was further verified with evidence showing strong, positive correlation between the iodine value and carotenoids concentrations of fractionated oil. The difference in binding affinity of saturated and unsaturated TAG towards different solvents can be used as a guide for screening and selection of solvent suitable for recovery of phytonutrient during solvent fractionation. Subsequently, a lab‐scale single‐ stage fractionation study disclosed that crystallization temperature of 15°C, oil to acetone ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 4 h under agitation at 100 rpm produced olein with the highest carotenoid concentration (637 ppm) and recovery (94%). Subsequent double‐stage fractionation successfully concentrated the carotenoids up to 125% with a recovery of >93%. Conclusively, solvent fractionation provides an effective way to concentrate valuable carotenoids from CPO while minimizing the lost.

show abstract

Simultaneous Recovery of Carotenes and Tocols from Crude Palm Olein Using Ethyl Lactate and Ethanol

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)

Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)

Sustainable Green Extraction of Carotenoid Pigments: Innovative Technologies and Bio-Based Solvents

Development of dual stage solvent fractionation as an approach to concentrate carotenoids from crude palm oil with high recovery: The potential use of molecular simulation as a pre‐screening tool

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About