Simultaneous removal of tetracycline and norfloxacin from water by iron-trimesic metal-organic frameworks

Cost-Effective and Ecologically Sustainable Carbon Nano-Onions for Antibiotic Removal from Wastewater

“…94 The peaks positioned at 1480 and 1267 cm −1 were observed in region 2, and also some other extra peaks were observed in region 3 after the adsorption of NOR, indicating that π−π interaction occurs between the adsorbate and the adsorbent. 27 In Figure 9b, a peak at 2850 cm −1 in region 4 and extra peaks at 1396 and 1456 cm −1 in region 5 were observed, which confirm the adsorption of TCH onto CNOs. The analysis of FTIR spectra supports the fact that the adsorption of NOR and TCH was mainly because of π−π interaction and hydrogen bonding.…”

“…Therefore, antibiotic residues should be removed from contaminated water to protect the human health, animal life, and aquatic ecosystem . Various technologies such as oxidation, , photocatalysis, biodegradation, − membrane filtration, − ultrasonic cavitation, and adsorption − have been used for the removal of TC and NOR from the aqueous media. Each of the techniques used has its advantages and drawbacks.…”

“…Among the various available technologies, adsorption is one of the most favorable methods because of its easy handling process, cost-effective nature, broad applicability, no formation of secondary byproducts, and excellent efficiency. ,, To date, numerous materials such as metal oxides, porous silica, porous resins, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as adsorbents for the removal of antibiotics from aqueous media. ,− However, the expensive nature of most of the adsorbent materials as well as the requirement of tedious synthesis protocols has hampered their widespread adaptability. Various carbonaceous materials such as graphene oxide, , activated carbon, multiwall carbon nanotubes, and magnetic nitrogen-doped porous carbon (MNPC) have been introduced in the past two decades as adsorbents for the removal of antibiotics …”

A review of the adsorption method for norfloxacin reduction from aqueous media

“…This plot determines the initiation of all kinetic investigations because its shape and outlook indicates the fundamental kinetics of any process [ 146 , 8 ]. Furthermore, sorption kinetics provide prerequisite reaction parameters and facilitates in estimating thermodynamic data required for design and ultimate scale-up of lab-model experiments [112] . From the data collected for kinetics in Table 4 and the associated pie chart in Fig.…”

“…From the change in entropy values outlined in Table 5 , most adsorbents displayed strong affinity for NRFX adsorbate as illustrated by the positive entropy values. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of well structured active sites following special functionalization procedures which aided efficient sequestration of NRFX on the surface of the adsorbent [ 112 , 160 ]. A few reports of reduced randomness were indicated by application of biochar [ 3 , 91 ], activated carbon [123] , ferrors sorbents [139] , MOF [83] , metallic compounds [59] , and synthetic polymer [7] .…”