Simultaneous scalar and cross-phase modulation instabilities in highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber

Abstract

We report the experimental observation of scalar and cross-phase modulation instabilities by pumping a highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber in the normal dispersion regime at 45° to its principal polarization axes. Five sideband pairs (two scalar and three vector ones) are observed simultaneously in the spontaneous regime, four of which have a large frequency shift from the pump, in the range 79-93 THz. These results are in excellent agreement with phase-matching arguments and numerical simulations.

Cross-Phase Modulation Instability in Mode-Locked Laser Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide

“…4 (a)); (2). their corresponding temporal outputs of the two polarization components are slightly different (Fig.4 (c)); (3). sidebands are symmetrical in frequency, but with different intensities (Fig.…”

“…ODULATION instability (MI) in nonlinear and dispersive media is one of the fundamental topics in plasma physics [1], fluid dynamics [2], Bose-Einstein condensates and nonlinear optics [3][4][5], where the steady state of a system is destabilized by weak perturbations [6]. MI in optical fiber has drawn considerable attentions for potential applications in ultra-short lasers with high repetition rate, optical parametric amplifiers and all optical logic devices [4][5][6][7][8][9], where sidebands grow exponentially as the energy exchanges between the pumping wavelength and MI gain [7].…”

“…The cross-phase MI (XPMI) involves the interaction of two orthogonal polarizations, and the sidebands are approximately polarized 45° to that of pump laser [3,10]. It can be observed in fibers with anomalous and normal group velocity dispersion (GVD), and the phase matching process is shown in Fig.…”

“…However, due to the relative weak nonlinearity, MI in conventional fiber often requires high pump peak power [3,6,7]. To decrease the MI threshold, researchers have focused on MI in fibers with periodical variations of dispersion or nonlinearity [11][12][13][14], and MI in fiber resonators, where parametric gain is increased due to accumulated nonlinearity experienced by pulses circulating in laser cavity [15][16][17].…”

Nonlinear polarization effects in optical fibers: polarization attraction and modulation instability [Invited]

“…Let us note that the coexistence of scalar and vector MI has been also observed in PCF with normal dispersion [129]. In particular, the impact of hydrostatic pressure on MI gain bands was studied [128].…”