Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate by Flow Injection Analysis

Ensafi, Ali A.; Rezaei, Behzad; Nouroozi, Siavash

doi:10.2116/analsci.20.1749

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Thus, the accomplished repeatability (as relative standard deviation, RSD) of 1.9% for nitrate, was lower than those acquired in different works which vary in a range of 2.3-3.7% [26][27][28]. However, the repetitive running of the regeneration solution not only decreased the sampling rate but also shortened the lifetime of the column due to the breakdown of the cadmium granules into smaller particles.…”

Section: Multiparametric Monitoring System For Sulfate Nitrite and Nmentioning

confidence: 77%

Automatic Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring Systems

Cerdà

Avivar

Ferrer

et al. 2013

Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation

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Abstract.Water and wastewater quality monitoring programs have to be established in order to fulfill current legal requirements as well as environmental and social concerns. This entails a large number of samples to be analyzed in a short period of time. Flow analysis techniques allow the automation of the analytical methodologies providing great advantages, i.e. improved reproducibility, low reagents consumption and waste generation, as well as high analysis frequency. Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) is an excellent tool for developing automatic analyzers with multiparametric capabilities. In this chapter, four multiparametric SIA systems which are able to determine key parameters in water and wastewater such as BOD, COD, TOC, TSS, global N, total P, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, orthophosphate, anionic detergents, sulfate, pH and conductivity are presented and discussed in detail.

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Section: Multiparametric Monitoring System For Sulfate Nitrite and Nmentioning

confidence: 77%

Automatic Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring Systems

Cerdà

Avivar

Ferrer

et al. 2013

Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation

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“…MCP has been widely used in analytical chemistry in acid-base titrations, the kinetic determination of inorganic substance such as bromide (Ensafi et al 2004a), nitrite and nitrate (Ensafi et al 2004b) and organic analyts such as piroxicam (Arab Chamjangali et al 2012) and phenylhydrazine (Arab Chamjangali et al 2009). Results of experiments revealed that, the reaction rate between MCP and sodium bromate in solutions with low pH values at ambient temperature is not fast.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new and sensitive reaction rate method for spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of thiourea in different water samples based on an induction period

2015

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“…Several methods have been reported for the simultaneous quantitative determination of nitrate and nitrite, including chromatography (Butt et al, 2001;Siu and Henshall, 1998;McMullen et al, 2005;Stalikas et al, 2003;Merino et al, 2000;Di Matteo et al, 1997), amperometry, capillary electrophoresis (Öztekin et al, 2002) and spectrophotometry (Ensafi et al, 2004;Casanova et al, 2006;Andrade et al, 2003;Kazemzadeh and Ensafi, 2001). …”

Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite as undesirable substances in animal feed ‐ Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

2009

EFS2

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SUMMARYNitrite is formed naturally by the nitrogen cycle during the process of nitrogen fixation and it is subsequently converted to nitrate, a major nutrient assimilated by plants. Two main nitrite salt forms occur, namely sodium and potassium nitrite.In animal tissues, nitrite is naturally present mainly as the result of endogenous nitrate conversion. Animal feed represents a natural source of exogenous nitrite and because of its potential for toxicity at excessive levels of intake, the Directive (EC) No 2002/32/EC on undesirable substances in animal feed established maximum limits for sodium nitrite in complete feedingstuffs excluding feedingstuffs intended for pets except birds and aquarium fish, and fish meal of 15 and 60 mg/kg, respectively (corresponding to 10 and 40 mg/kg for the nitrite ion). Nitrite in drinking water is regulated in Europe, with a maximum level of 0.5 mg/L. Nitrate levels in forages are naturally high and the inter-conversion of nitrate to nitrite is the largest contributor to nitrite exposure in food-producing animals. Dietary intake of nitrite per se results from the use of vegetable feeds and forages, fertilisers/manures or when used as an antimicrobial for preservation, for example in silage, processed pet food, and in former times fish meal. Additionally, water can be an important dietary source of nitrite via reduction of nitrate. The main analytical technique used to measure both nitrite and nitrate is colourimetry because of its sensitivity and specificity. Three member states provided analytical results on feedingstuffs and nitrite levels were below the maximum levels in all feed commodities.Acutely, nitrite is approximately ten-fold more toxic than nitrate and three main toxicological endpoints have been identified: methaemoglobin formation (in a wide range of species including man), hypertrophy of the adrenal zona glomerulosa (rats), and equivocal evidence In monogastric animals, most nitrite is formed and absorbed in the upper digestive tract. In contrast in ruminants, nitrite and nitrate is metabolised by the rumen flora. Reports of adverse effects after excessive nitrite exposure in livestock exist, and pigs and ruminants, as major food producing animals, are particularly susceptible: this is because of relatively low nitrite reductase activity and high levels of rumen conversion of exogenous nitrate to nitrite, respectively. Acknowledging diverse husbandry conditions between reported studies, NoObserved Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs) for pigs and cattle have been estimated from the literature with a value of 3.3 mg/kg b.w. per day in both species. In turn, total daily nitrite intakes were estimated for pigs and cattle using the maximum exposure level in complete feed according to the current legislation (10 mg/kg), typical feeding regimens within the European Union and maximum nitrite level in forages from member states (cattle). Overall, the estimated nitrite intakes for pigs and cattle from feed were 0.37 and 0.65 mg/kg b.w. per day (excluding endogenous formation of n...

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Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate by Flow Injection Analysis

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Automatic Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring Systems

Automatic Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring Systems

A new and sensitive reaction rate method for spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of thiourea in different water samples based on an induction period

Nitrite as undesirable substances in animal feed ‐ Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

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